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Whole IgG antibodies are isolated as intact molecules from antisera by immunoaffinity chromatography. They have an Fc portion and two antigen binding Fab portions joined together by disulfide bonds and therefore they are divalent. The average molecular weight is reported to be about 160 kDa. The whole IgG form of antibodies is suitable for the majority of immunodetection procedures and is the most cost effective.
RRX (Rhodamine Red-X) conjugates have a peak of excitation at 570 nm and a peak of emission at 590 nm. Although TRITC has been used traditionally with FITC for double labeling, better color separation is achieved by using RRX or Alexa Fluor® 594. Rhodamine Red-X is particularly useful for 3- and 4-color labeling with DyLight 405, Alexa Fluor® 488, and Alexa Fluor® 647 by using a confocal microscope equipped with a 405 nm laser and a krypton/argon laser. Fluorescence from RRX lies about midway between that of Alexa Fluor® 488 and Alexa Fluor® 647, and it shows little overlap with either dye. The krypton-argon laser emits lines at 488 nm, 568 nm, and 647 nm, which are optimal for exciting Alexa Fluor® 488, RRX, and Alexa Fluor® 647, respectively. By adding a 405 nm laser and a 420 nm emission filter, 4-color labeling is possible using DyLight 405-conjugated secondary antibodies from JIR (Figure 5). The separation between all four dyes is perfect for 4-color labeling, and all four dyes are very bright.