Antibody-dependentcell-mediatedcytotoxicity(ADCC)isanimmunedefensemechanisminvolvinganeffectorcelllysingatargetcellonwhichantibodieshaveboundtospecificantigensonthetargetcellmembrane.
ThetypicalADCCinvolvesactivationofnaturalkiller(NK)cellsbyantibodies.NKcellsexpressFcreceptors,mostlyCD16orFcγRIIIa(CD16a),onitscellsurface.TheseFcreceptorsrecognizeandbindtotheFcportionofanantibody,suchasIgG,whichhasboundtothesurfaceofapathogen-infectedtargetcell.OncetheFcreceptorbindstotheFcregionofIgG,theNaturalKillercellreleasescytokinessuchasIFN-γandcytotoxicmoleculesthatattackthepathogen-infectedtargetcell.
ThehumanFcγRIIIadisplaysadimorphisminthepositionofresidue158.Oneallele(V158)encodesahigherFcaffinityreceptorvariantwithavalineataminoacidresidue158,andtheother(F158)encodesalowerFcaffinityreceptorvarianthavingaphenylalanineataminoacidresidue158.
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