Hycult Biotech/TLR9, Mouse, antagonist (ODN2088)/HC407401/250 µg

Description:TLR9,Mouse,antagoNIST(ODN2088)

TLR9antagonistHC4074isanODNusedtoinhibitpreferablymouseToll-likereceptor9.ODNHC4075canbeusedascontrolreagent.Toll-likereceptors(TLRs)arehighlyconservedfromDrosophilatohumansandsharestructuralandfunctionalsimilarities.TLRsconstituteofafamilyofpatternrecognitionreceptors(PRRs)thatmediatecellularresponsestoalargevarietyofpathogens(viruses,bacteria,andparasites)byspecificrecognitionofso-called‘pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns’.ActivationofTLRsleadstoactivationofNFκB-dependentandIFNregulatoryfactor-dependentsignalingpathways.TLRsaredifferentiallyexpressedamongtissuesandcelltypesbyvariouscellsoftheimmunesystem,suchasmacrophagesanddendriticcells.Theyrecognizeandrespondtomoleculesderivedfrombacterial,viralandfungalpathogens.
WhereasmostTLRsareexpressedonthecellsurface,TLR9isexpressedintracellularlywithinoneormoreendosomalcompartmentsandrecognizesnucleicacids.TLR9detectsarathersubtledifferenceintheDNAofvertebratescomparedwiththatofpathogens.VertebrategenomicDNAshavemostlymethylatedCpGdinucleotideswherebacterialandviralDNAshaveunmethylatedCpGdinucleotides.TLR9undergoesrelocationfromendoplasmicreticulumtoCpG-ODN-containingendosomes.IntheseendosomesTLR9becomesafunctionalreceptorafterproteolyticcleavage.TLR9existsasapreformedhomodimerandCpG-ODNbindingpromotesitsconformationalchange,bringingthecytoplasmicTIR-likedomainsclosetoeachother.ThisallowsarecruitmentofthekeyadapterproteinMyD88whichinitiatesasignalingcascade.
CertainDNAsequencescansuppressinnateimmuneactivationandhavebeenshowntobeeffectiveine.g.arthritisandSLE.SuppressivesyntheticODNspreventTLR9activationbybindingtounmethylatedCpGDNA.ODN2088wasidentifiedasoneofthemostpotentG-stretchedtypeinhibitorofmouseTLR9.

Specifications:

Catalognumber	HC4074-01
Producttype	Proteins
Quantity	250µg
Species	Mouse
Alias	Toll-likereceptor9,CD289 Genename:Tlr9
Formulation	LyophilizedproductinMilliQ,containingapproximately250μg.Reconstitutethevialbypipetting1mldistilledorde-ionizedwater(Caution:vialisundervacuum).Theexactproteinconcentrationisindicatedonthelabel.
Use	Dilutionstobeuseddependondetectionsystemapplied.Itisrecommendedthatuserstestthereagentanddeterminetheirownoptimaldilutions.
Application	Functionalstudies
StorageandstABIlity	Lyophilizedproductshouldbestoredat4°C.Storestocksolutioninaliquotsat–20°C.Repeatedfreezeandthawcycleswillcauselossofactivity.Underrecommendedstorageconditions,productisstableforoneyear.
References	1.Ashman,Retal;Sequencerequirementsforoligodeoxyribonucleotideinhibitoryactivity.IntImmunology2005,17:411 2.Lenert,P;Classification,MechanismsofAction,andTherapeuticApplicationsofInhibitoryOligonucleotidesforToll-LikeReceptors(TLR)7and9.MedofInflam2010
Precautions	Forresearchuseonly.Notforuseinoronhumansoranimalsorfordiagnostics.Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertocomplywithalllocal/stateandfederalrulesintheuseofthisproduct.HycultBiotechisnotresponsIBLeforanypatentinfringementsthatmightresultfromtheuseorderivationofthisproduct.
Disease	Infectiousdiseases

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Hycult Biotech/TLR9, Mouse, antagonist (ODN2088)/HC407401/250 µg

Description:TLR9,Mouse,antagoNIST(ODN2088)

Specifications: