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Plastics remain one of the most - used materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. And very few kinds are highly recyclable.
A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.
The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合体)called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的)level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors. The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again—without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.
"Most plastics were never made to be recycled, ” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement. " But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective. ”
Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体),which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.
Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics "with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plant - based materials in the process.
【小题1】What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．Plastics are never highly recyclable.B．Plastics are widely used in our lives.C．Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages.D．Plastics take hundreds of years to be broken down.【小题2】What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．The new material.B．The research team.C．The molecular level.D．The producing process.【小题3】Why do many plastics have different chemicals added to them?A．To make them easy to break down.B．To make them easy to get processed.C．To make it possible for them to be recycled.D．To make them stronger and more widely used.【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．PDK plastics will be soon put to good use.B．PDK plastics may have a promising prospect.C．The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics.D．Plant - based materials have been used in the new plastics.【推荐1】Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans exposure to some terrifying virus.
In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒）hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.
In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.
In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spots manufacturer-Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robots design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.
“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospitals chief researcher on the robot project.
Researchers are working to increase the robots diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate (呼吸率）.
Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and tie wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases
【小题1】What words can best describe the jobs robots are employed to do?A．Normal and easy.B．Exciting and dangerous.C．Dirty and complex.D．Frightening and difficult.【小题2】Why are robots being used in American hospitals?A．To save money.B．To replace doctors.C．To protect doctors from infecting virus.D．To deliver supplies to patients and doctors.【小题3】What do we know about Spot?A．It is a friendly dog.B．It can deliver supplies to hospital rooms.C．It can help adjust the patients temperature.D．It allows doctors to conduct telemedicine services.【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?A．Spot the Robot DogB．Train Robot DoctorsC．Robots Being Used in HospitalD．Robots in Popular Science Fiction【知识点】 健康 科普与现代技术 说明文 语意转化 逻辑推理 标题判断
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/09/16组卷：61 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐2】You can always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.
Thats why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. "Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬) built into a street lamp,"he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360 motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyones using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department and insists this creation should be installed on the street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
【小题1】For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A．To predict a heavy rain.B．To check the weather forecast.C．To protect people from the rain.D．To remind people to take an umbrella.【小题2】What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2?A．His creation was inspired by an experience.B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.【小题3】Which of the following show how the Lampbrella works?A．Motor→canopy→sensors.B．Sensors→motor→canopy.C．Motor→sensors→canopy.D．Canopy→motor→sensors.【小题4】What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbreila?A．Its moving speed.B．Its appearance.C．Its installation.D．Its safety.【知识点】 科普与现代技术
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2019/05/08组卷：55 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐3】The rolling out of 5G services has triggered a wave of competition across the world. More importantly, it has started a race to develop 6G as the telecommunications sector has always been a hotspot for competition.
Compared with 5G technology, 6G will have lower latency, higher speed and more bandwidth. And this advanced technology will help connect the real world with virtual digital world. It will also make product design R D(Research and development) and experiments significantly more efficient and greatly reduce their costs while making it possible to produce digital products. In the physical world through high-tech, including 3D printing.The seamless and intelligent connection of the physical and digital worlds will lead to a thorough reconstruction of the division of labor and societal cooperation.
In terms of economic development, 3G fostered e-commerce while 4G boosted e-commerce and mobile payment. 5G infrastructure building and application marked the beginning of intelligent manufacturing. Similarly, wireless cognition technology associated with 6G technology, once it matures, will further boost the development of the digital economy. In digital economy, intelligence based on big data will become the real force for innovation and 6G networks not only will be highways for transmitting data, but will also much more seamlessly integrate edge and core computing as part of a combined communications. This will provide many potential advantages as 6G technology becomes operational, including access to AI capabilities. Digital economy based on 6G will become the determining factor of the country’s competitiveness in the future, and 6G technology with wireless cognition as its major characteristic will become core technology and main driver of the digital economy.
Starting with 5G our telecom industry, thanks to its extensive R D input, has taken the lead in standardizing and manufacturing 5G telecom equipment，the competition in 6G will start with the setting of standards,which will determine the level of R D needed for the launch of the technology and thus decide the market share of the emerging industry .As far as R D in 5G technology is concerned. We have already enjoyed two advantages. first, it is a global leader in the telecom sector and has a solid reserve of talents. And second, it has a relatively complete industrial chain that covers R D and design, manufacturing and application. and is home to leading 5G equipment maker. Recent history shows whoever leads the telecom technology sector sets the standards for telecom products and services. and plays a bigger role in the industry’s future development .An official research team on 6G including the government. enterprises and research organizations has been established to obtain the advantage of 6G development competition .
【小题1】What does the underlined word “triggered” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Put off.B．Kept off.C．Called off.D．Set off.【小题2】What will the connection of the physical and digital worlds result in?A．Complete changes in the way of work and social cooperation.B．Significant reduction in product design cost and work efficiency.C．Perfect replacement of the virtual digital world to the real world.D．Complete disappearance of work and cooperation in the real world.【小题3】In the digital economic development, 6G technology will________A．Become core technology and main driver.B．Mark the beginning of intelligent manufacturing.C．Promote the growth of e-commerce in real world.D．Assist the progress of e-commerce and mobile payment.【小题4】Which would be the best title for this passage?A．Should we develop 6G in the future?B．If 5G is here, can 6G be far behind?C．Does 6G really have advantages over 5G?D．If developing 6G can we get in a no-win race?【知识点】 科普与现代技术 说明文 直接理解 语意转化 标题判断 词义猜测
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2021/04/19组卷：130 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐1】We are lucky to live in a world that is full of incredible technology. Our living rooms are packed with computers, LCD TVs, video game systems, and Blue-ray players that help us enjoy the latest entertainment. Although these items bring us joy and convenience, they also create a lot of junk. Each device needs its own plug and adaptor to keep its batteries recharged, and over time these wires get tangled (缠绕在一起的). Thankfully, something has come along to help rid our homes of this mess while still supplying these devices with the power they need. It’s called wireless charging and this trend is just starting.
Wireless charging has a lot of potential for smartphones and other electronic devices. Electronic devices can absorb the electricity once they’re placed on a special charging mat. There are several advantages that wireless charging offers over traditional methods. For starters, cords (电线) have a tendency to wear out with use. Wireless charging users never have to worry about buying replacement cords. Wireless charging is also far more convenient for medical implants, as patients won’t need to recharge their devices through the skin using cords. In turn, this cuts down on the risks of infection. Wireless charging can also bring safety benefits, as wired charging devices that come in contact with water can increase the chances of getting an electric shock. Wireless charging gets rid of that danger completely.
Still, there are a few drawbacks to wireless charging. The first is speed. It takes a bit longer to charge devices wirelessly than it does if the device is plugged in. The process also requires more heat, so devices tend to get a bit hotter, which could create other safety issues. Also, since devices must be left on a special pad while charging, it is harder to operate them while they are powering up. This limitation may be gotten rid of in the future, as researchers are developing transmitters (发射器) that can charge several different devices in a room without the need to connect to a charging pad. Although wireless-charging technology may be far from perfect, it seems like a step in the right direction as we move towards a less-tangled future.
【小题1】What is a problem with many modern appliances?A．Most people can’t afford to pay for them.B．They can cause a lot of junk around the house.C．They go out of style too quickly.D．They are not very entertaining.【小题2】Why is wireless charging beneficial for medical patients?A．It often brings down the cost for their medical bills.B．Wireless charging has shown to cure people of serious diseases.C．It is more convenient to check or repair their devices.D．It’s being used as a replacement for many pills.【小题3】Which of the following is a disadvantage of wireless charging?A．Wireless charging means devices take up more space.B．People can now buy fewer devices for their homes.C．It takes longer to charge your battery wirelessly.D．People can’t plug in their devices conveniently.【小题4】What seem to be the author’s attitude towards wireless charging?A．Cautious.B．Uncaring.C．Disapproving.D．Favorable.【知识点】 科普与现代技术
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2018/12/03组卷：119 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐2】The word“diary”comes from the Latin word“diarium”，which means“daily allowance”.It refers to a book for disconnected writings by date and is used for business notes，planning activities，keeping track of scheduled appointments，or documenting what has already happened.
In America，from the 1940s through the 1980s，a diary was thought of mostly as a way to privately express one’s deepest thoughts while keeping marks about the day.In those times，and even continuing on today，writing in a diary was like writing to a special friend.Many times，movies would show a teenage girl beginning to write in her diary while she said aloud，“Dear diary,…”What followed was a brief statement of the day，usually filled with emotion.
Those private reflections may have historical significance long after the author’s death.A diary kept by a young German Jewish girl by the name of Anne Frank provides us with invaluable lessons about history，for she documented her experiences while she hid from the Nazis during their occupation of the Netherlands in the World War II.Her diary became one of the world’s most widely read books and is the basis for many films.
Semuel Pepys，who lived during the 17th Century，is the earliest diary-keeper that is famous today.His diary is also an important documentation of history，for it gives personal insight into London’s Great Plague and the Great Fire.Pepys took diary writing from the realm of business to the individual.His diary is being published on the Internet，and its interesting to note that there has been a new entry every day since January of 2003.It will continue over the course of several years to come.Reading his diary is fascinating，and it makes his life all the more real to us.
Today’s electronic version of the diary，the web log，or“blog”has once again stretched the diary to be much more than a personal account of the day’s events.There are blogs to document recipes，traveling，movies，independent news，product announcements，photos，and anything else that needs to be recorded over time.Search engines like Technorati.com have been created to keep track of the more than 112 million blogs that are currently public.In its newest replacement，the diary has become more popular than ever.
【小题1】Generally what is a diary used for?A．Taking business notes.B．Planning activities.C．Keeping daily happenings.D．Confirming the appointments.【小题2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word“realm”in the fourth paragraph?A．Kingdom.B．Field.C．Department.D．Land.【小题3】Why does the author mention Anne Frank’s diary in the third paragraph?A．To let us know the popularity of her diary.B．To show us the invaluable lessons about the history.C．To present her dramatic and interesting experience during the War.D．To emphasis the importance of keeping diaries for historical purposes.【小题4】What can we know about the blog?A．It has been more widely accepted by the public.B．Technorati is the only search engine created for it.C．The diary remains the same form but still popular.D．Nothing but the individual daily events can be recorded.【知识点】 日常活动 科普与现代技术 著名人物 中国文化与节日
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2018/10/04组卷：98 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐3】The Mystery of Dark Matter
If you look at the night sky, youll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called "dark matter". Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even consist of ninety per cent dark matter.
How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. Recently, Dr. Jorge Penarrubia and a team from Edinburgh University discovered something interesting. The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, but dark matter may explain why.
Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. The Edinburgh team is working with many other universities like the University of British Columbia.
We can see dark matter, its very difficult to measure and we can find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark matter may be very different from the matter which we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.
The Swiss scientist Fritz Zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen-thirties. Researchers have been looking for it ever since. Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed. Investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions about the way we look at the universe, including the ideas of Albert Einstein.
【小题1】In what way do scientists find out the mass of galaxies？A．Depending on where they are.B．Depending on how much they weigh.C．According to the way they move and the laws of physics.D．By calculating how far between them and how fast they move.【小题2】Which of the following statements about dark matter is NOT TRUE？A．It can be seen.B．It doesn reflect light.C．It is not unlike ordinary matter.D．It affects the movement of things.【小题3】What may get researchers looking for dark matter？A．To change the way light bends.B．To prove the ideas of Albert Einstein.C．To collect more and more information.D．To help understand the origin of the universe.【小题4】How is the article organized？【知识点】 科普知识 说明文 直接理解 逻辑推理 篇章结构 段落大意
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2019/09/28组卷：104 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐1】A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species.
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purpose .”
【小题1】One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.A．the Asian elephantB．the forest elephantC．the savanna elephantD．the mastodon elephant【小题2】The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “________”A．evolutionB．exhibitionC．separationD．examination【小题3】What were Alfred Roca’s words mainly about?A．The conversation of African elephants.B．The purpose of studying African elephantsC．The way to divide African elephants into two unitsD．The reason for the distinction of African elephants【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A．Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants.B．Amazing Experiment about ElephantsC．An Unexpected Finding about ElephantsD．A Long scientific Debate about Elephants【知识点】 自然 说明文 历史
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2021/06/17组卷：48 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐2】Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma (沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases.
All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation (环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base.
We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically.
For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape.
Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight.
【小题1】What was the greatest concern of Bushin?A．The possible loss of her eyesight.B．The slim chance of getting rid of poverty.C．The potential inability to support her family.D．The deliberate neglect of her by her parents.【小题2】What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Caught.B．Removed.C．Tracked.D．Analyzed.【小题3】In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs?A．Critical.B．Regretful.C．Humorous.D．Positive.【小题4】What can we infer from the text?A．NTDs could be cured earlier than expected.B．Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected.C．Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue.D．International cooperation is a must for treating a disease.【知识点】 健康 健康 说明文 语意转化 逻辑推理 观点态度 短语猜测
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/11/26组卷：127 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐3】Widespread descriptions of animals in pop culture could actually be hurting the animals’ survival chances in the wild, new research suggests.
Franck Courchamp of the University of Paris-Sud was interested in the idea of “charisma”(魅力) in animals. He wanted to know: What species do people consider charismatic? And what are the influences of being charismatic on populations in the wild?
In a research published this month, Courchamp and other researchers list the top 20 charismatic species. Most of the animals identified as charismatic are large mammals living on land. Coming in first place were tigers, followed by lions, elephants, giraffes, panthers, pandas, cheetahs, polar bears, wolves, and gorillas. However, at least half of the interviewees didn’t realize that five of the top ten most charismatic species are threatened. It is paradoxical that we haven’t been able toprotect the species we care about the most.
The study also found that we are flooded with images of these creatures, even as they are becoming fewer in the wild. The study suggests that too much of imagery might be creating a “virtual(虚拟的) population” of the animals in peoples’ minds, making them believe there are far more individuals in the wild than is exact.
The study authors suggest that companies who benefit from the use of these images should set aside a small percentage of their profits to protection efforts and informational campaigns (运动). “That would be not only something fair, but that would be something that could bring a win-win situation for them,” Courchamp says. It could bring them positive public relation, for example. Besides, if a company’s mascot(吉祥物) goes extinct, that could hurt them from a marketing standpoint, Courchamp says. Some companies do take this to heart, he says, noting protection efforts by Jaguar and Lacoste. But not enough companies are “truly concerned about the protection of the species that they work on,” he adds.
【小题1】It can be inferred that the widespread images of animals in pop culture ______.A．leads people to forget the less charismatic animalsB．makes a false impression of the animals’ real situationC．raises people’s wildlife protection attention and effortsD．brings a win-win situation for both animals and companies【小题2】What does the writer mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A．It is important to protect these endangered species.B．It is natural to regard the large mammals as charismatic.C．It is terrible that the species are dying out at an alarming speed.D．It is strange that people’s thoughts contrast with their behaviors.【小题3】Courchamp lists the companies’ responsibilities and their advantages by ______.A．giving examplesB．taking quotesC．making comparisonsD．using numbers【小题4】What’s Courchamp’s attitude to the companies benefiting from animal images?A．Annoyed.B．Supportive.C．Dissatisfied.D．Positive.【知识点】 自然 社会 说明文 语意转化 观点态度 论证方式 句意猜测
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2021/02/02组卷：113 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐1】For all its drawbacks, aging brings a benefit: social relationships generally improve. Older individuals have fewer but closer friendships, avoid conflicts, and are more optimistic compared with younger adults. Now, 20 years of data on chimpanzees suggest they, too, develop more meaningful friendships as they age.
“The finding challenges a long-standing assumption that humans mellow (成熟) with age because we are aware of our approaching death.” said Zarin Machanda, a professor at Tufts University. But finding the same pattern in chimps suggests a simpler explanation: It could be an evolved trait found in a wider range of species. Zarin and her colleagues gathered data from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project, which has tracked wild chimpanzee behavior in Uganda’s Kibale National Park since 1987. Because chimps are socially similar to humans — they live in large groups and engage in both cooperative and antagonistic (敌对的) relationships throughout their lives — they serve as an ideal test group for studying changes in social behavior. The researchers zeroed in on the males, who had more purely peer-to-peer relationships than females.
Combing through 21 years of behavioral logs on 21 chimps aged 15 through 58, the researchers found that older males (aged 35 and up) had more mutual friendships than younger ones. Older “friends” would sit together and groom one another on a regular basis, whereas younger chimps were more likely to engage in one-sided relationships, in which they groomed preferred elders who rarely returned the favor. As males age and fall in rank, they stop competing for dominance and “tend to give up”. Forming these cooperative relationships with peers could help older males maintain their status, helping them fend off challenges by younger and fitter chimps.
The team are eager to see whether other chimpanzee groups—and female chimpanzees—also experience this mellowing with age. Machanda says the theory could also be tested in other long-lived social species. Next, however, the team will take a deeper look at how social bonds might benefit aging chimps - and whether the same mechanisms could be at work in humans. “There is a lot more to learn,” Machanda says.
【小题1】The author writes Paragraph 1 to ________A．introduce the topic about the finding on chimps.B．compare chimps with humans in social behaviors.C．show that humans mature as they age is a mere misunderstanding.D．stress that aging is very terrifying not only for humans but also for animals.【小题2】Why did Machanda and her team choose chimpanzee as the test group of their study?A．Because chimps look like humans in so many ways.B．Because chimps are easy to track down in the wild.C．Because chimps bear resemblance to humans in social behaviors.D．Because chimps live in large groups together throughout their lives.【小题3】What do we know about the findings?A．It took the researchers 21 years to study the elderly chimps.B．Older males exhibit mutual friendship among the group.C．Younger males prefer to groom the elders because they respect them.D．Elderly chimps will continue to fight to maintain their status as they age.【小题4】Which of the following might Machanda agree with?A．There’s no need to study the female chimpanzees for the theory.B．It would be better to test other species who live a short life as well.C．They have learned fairly enough about how aging affects animal behaviors.D．The study on aging chimps would help better understand human interactions.【知识点】 科普与现代技术 说明文 直接理解 逻辑推理 目的意图
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2021/05/13组卷：90 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐2】Recently, a new study suggests that staying positive through the cold season could be the best defense(抵御) against getting sick.
In an experiment that exposed（暴露）healthy volunteers to a cold of flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny emotion were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal “Psychosomatic Medicine”, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help defend the common cold and other illnesses.
“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained Dr Sheldom Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. And when they do get a cold, they may experience their illness as less serious.
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible(易受影响的) to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality qualities, physical health and “emotional style”.
Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy and tense had a negative style.
Afterwards, the researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptoms. Over the next six days the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneeze they had. Cohen and his colleagues found that positive emotions really have the big effect of fighting virus.
【小题1】The results of the experiments by researchers suggest that _______.A．people in excellent spirits are less likely to fall ill.B．the emotional quality itself has the greatest effect of fighting virusC．people with a positive emotional style seemed more likely to get illD．positive emotional people and negative people response similarly to the virus【小题2】Dr Sheldom Cohen made studies and reached his conclusion by _______.A．comparing the experimental results of different groupsB．looking into the forms completed by the volunteersC．collecting data among people with a coldD．observing the volunteers’ symptoms【小题3】According to the passage, what quality should we develop to fight virus?A．Clever.B．Hard-working.C．Optimistic.D．Friendly.【小题4】We can conclude from the passage that _______.A．positive life can lead to success in one’s careerB．physical health is more important than mental healthC．the happier we are, the less likely we will be to fall illD．the more we are together, the happier we will be【知识点】 科普知识 说明文 直接理解 逻辑推理 论证方式
您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/04/24组卷：52 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） |【推荐3】A robot with a sense of touch may one day feel “pain”, both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions. Such touchy-feely robots are still far off, but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality.
Sensors set in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This artificial “pain nervous system,” as Asada calls it, may be a small building block for a machine that could ultimately experience pain. Such a feeling might also allow a robot to “sympathize” with a human companion’s suffering.
Asada, an engineer at Osaka University, and his colleagues have designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of touches. In a robot system named Affetto, a realistic looking child’s head, these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions.
A touch-sensitive, soft material, as opposed to a rigid metal surface, allows richer interactions between a machine and the world, says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of Southern California. Artificial skin “allows the possibility of engagement in truly intelligent ways”.
Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead to robots that can recognize the pain of others, a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, for instance.
But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute an internal feeling accurately, says Damasio, a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California. A robot with sensors that can detect touch and pain is “along the lines of having a robot, for example, that smiles when you talk to it,” Damasio says. ‘It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.” While that’s an interesting development, “it’s not the same thing” as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience, he says.
【小题1】What do we know about the “pain nervous system”?A．It is named Affetto by scientists.B．It is a set of complicated sensors.C．It is able to signal different emotions.D．It combines sensors and artificial skin.【小题2】What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Delivered.B．Translated.C．Attached.D．Adapted.【小题3】What does Damasio consider as an interesting development?A．Robots can smile when talked to.B．Robots can talk to human beings.C．Robots can compute internal feelingsD．Robots can detect pains and respond accordingly.【小题4】What can be the best title of the text?A．Machines Become EmotionalB．Robots Inch to Feeling PainC．Human Feelings Can Be FeltD．New Devices Touch Your Heart【知识点】 科普与现代技术 畅想未来 说明文 直接理解 语意转化 标题判断 词义猜测
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