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Plastics remain one of the most - used materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. And very few kinds are highly recyclable.A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合体)called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的)level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors. The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again—without the plastic material losing any performance or quality."Most plastics were never made to be recycled, ” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement. " But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective. ”Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体),which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics "with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plant - based materials in the process.【小题1】What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．Plastics are never highly recyclable.B．Plastics are widely used in our lives.C．Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages.D．Plastics take hundreds of years to be broken down.【小题2】What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．The new material.B．The research team.C．The molecular level.D．The producing process.【小题3】Why do many plastics have different chemicals added to them?A．To make them easy to break down.B．To make them easy to get processed.C．To make it possible for them to be recycled.D．To make them stronger and more widely used.【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．PDK plastics will be soon put to good use.B．PDK plastics may have a promising prospect.C．The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics.D．Plant - based materials have been used in the new plastics. 科普与现代技术科普与现代技术说明文直接理解 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐1】Maybe you’re depressed because you didn’t sleep well. Or you feel stuck when you read an email with some bad news that prevented your enthusiastic imagination. Whatever the case may be, you tell yourself working now is in vain (徒劳的), because you couldn’t possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.Several studies in psychology have shown that negative emotions narrow our vision and limit our thinking. However, positive emotions can improve creativity because they broaden our way of thinking by encouraging us to try new things or look at situations differently.Creativity is the ability to produce and carry out both new and useful ideas. Creativity can result from a person’s own creative ideas and observations, or it can appear as a response to a direct assignment or problem as well.Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks. Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself, but the strength of our feelings and the motivation (动机) behind our work. For example, anger or anxiety can help us to focus our attention on producing effective results. Great excitement or joy, on the other hand, can encourage an instant at which the solution to a problem becomes clear all of a sudden. In fact, one study even finds that while we’re 20 percent more likely to have creative abilities to understand mixed situations when we’re feeling good, people in a negative mood perform better when the quality of solutions—not quantity—matters most.But of course, we are rarely entirely happy or entirely sad. More often, we experience mixed emotions. In psychology, these strong emotions whether they are positive or negative, lead to greater creative actions.It comes as no surprise then that highly creative people tend to be very familiar with their emotions. They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people and are more willing to experience those emotions.【小题1】What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph?A．To expect us to be creative.B．To show the importance of creativity.C．To tell us negative emotions exist everywhere.D．To clarify how moods influence your creativity.【小题2】What is the attitude of the author towards negative emotions?A．Supportive.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.【小题3】What can be learned in the passage?A．We should always try to keep ourselves in good mood.B．People feel either very happy or very sad most of the time.C．Strong emotions play an important role in creativity.D．Creativity only results from creative ideas and observations.【小题4】According to the passage, what should you do to get more creative?A．Avoid negative moods totally.B．Face up to inner feelings positively.C．Try out new things cautiously.D．Understand mixed situations clearly. 【知识点】 科普与现代技术 说明文 逻辑推理 观点态度 目的意图 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/12/06组卷：117 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐2】Babies teach their older brothers and sisters empathy (移情), according to a new research. Empathy means understanding and entering others’ feelings. Until now, younger kids have generally been regarded to learn plenty from their older brothers or sisters but don’t give back much. But this study, published in Child Development, confirms that younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brothers and sisters don’t grow into disgusting people—no easy task.“Although it’s assumed that older siblings and parents are the primary socializing influences on younger siblings’ development but not vice versa, we found that both younger and older siblings positively contributed to each other’s empathy over time,” study co-author Marc Jambon said in a statement. Prior sibling studies have focused on the influence of older brothers and sisters, probably because their impact is most obvious. As one review of literature notes, studies have shown that older siblings influence everything from their younger siblings’ motor development to their risk of smoking later in life. And although separated studies have tried to pin down effects that younger siblings have on their older siblings, the influence of baby brothers and sisters remains unclear.For this new study, Jambon and his colleagues recruited (招募) a diverse group of 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages of 18 months and four years. At the start of the study, individual researchers assessed children’s baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at home and then pretending to hurt themselves or break a valuable item. Eighteen months later, they found small but significant increases in empathy.One unexpected exception—older sisters did not appear to experience increased empathy after 18 months living with their little brothers, specifically. The researchers aren’t sure why this exception appeared, and they recommend that future studies dive into more complex phenomena.【小题1】What has been found in the new research?A．Young kids could show more sympathy for others.B．Young siblings know more about empathy than the older.C．Younger kids can learn a lot from their older brothers or sisters.D．Younger siblings could contribute to their older ones’ empathy.【小题2】What does Mare Jambon say about kids’ empathy development?A．Siblings influence each other in a positive way.B．Parents play a more important role than teachers.C．older siblings have far more obvious influences.D．Younger siblings make much smaller contribution.【小题3】What does the underlined words “pin down” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Assess.B．Limit.C．Confirm.D．Reduce.【小题4】What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?A．It offers no exceptions.B．It appears to be under control.C．It needs to be carried out furtherD．It is recognized to be scientific 【知识点】 科普与现代技术 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2019/03/11组卷：83 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 典型 【推荐3】Archeology （考古学）isn the dusty science it was a generation ago. New technologies that once seemed out of sci-fi are now locating buried traces of buildings and revealing the ruins of cities.For more than a decade, Sarah Parcak and her team have been on the front line of this revolution. They use satellite images to find and explore ancient sites around the globe. Now they e about to take on a new challenge as they focus Global Xplorer citizen-science project on India.In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called Global Xplorer, to crowd source （群众外包）the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago. Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Perus rich cultural heritage. The results have been surprising. About 80,000 participants from a hundred countries have identified 19,000 sites that were not in Perus database. The platform for Peru is still running.If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. "India has had relatively little archaeological work done," Parcak says. Also, the full extent of Indias archaeological work has never been mapped completely. Parcak expects her project to make up that. “Wherever we end up going, the crowds going to be able to see extraordinary things," Parcak says.Thirty six Indias cultural heritage relics are already listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Parcak thinks there could be tens of thousands of as yet unknown sites mapped as part of this project. The discoveries promise to be amazing across the land that has seen a parade of cultures come and go.In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. The possibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered. That means the sky is the limit for her project now that it has gotten off the ground successfully.【小题1】Whats the purpose of Parcaks project?A．To interview citizens via the Internet.B．To dig out more remains of ancient cities.C．To build databases for unknown cultural heritage.D．To identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.【小题2】What do we know about the participants in Peru project?A．They are Internet-equipped volunteers.B．They are well-trained voluntary scholars.C．They are mostly fans of archeology in Peru.D．They are all archaeologists all over the world.【小题3】Why is Parcaks project important to India?A．India lacks thorough archaeological work.B．Indians call for the protection of their rich cultures.C．Theres no amazing archaeological discovery in India.D．India needs more relics listed as World Heritage Sites.【小题4】What does the underlined sentence "The possibilities are huge. " in Paragraph 6 mean?A．Parcaks project will become successful.B．Few countries will start satellite surveys.C．There will be amazing discoveries in India.D．More archaeological sites will be identified. 【知识点】 自然 科普与现代技术 夹叙夹议 直接理解 逻辑推理 目的意图 句意猜测 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/07/05组卷：122 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐1】Astronauts traveling in space meet forms of radiation that are uncommon on Earth. Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts lives.Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care-professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans.Astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American. Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in the publication Occupational Environmental Medicine.Much of the existing research on mortality rates in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the "healthy worker effect". This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.Reynolds said, "The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be had they been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors."【小题1】How did researchers carry out their study?A．By doing interviews.B．By analyzing some factors.C．By comparing different data.D．By doing experiments in the lab.【小题2】What can we learn from the text?A．All radiation is harmful to human health.B．Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.C．Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.【小题3】What can he inferred from Reynolds words?A．They are determined to face the challenge.B．The research is almost impossible to conduct.C．Several important factors hold back the research.D．Astronauts are as healthy even they haven been Astronaut.【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Astronauts----Healthy or OtherwiseB．Astronauts Are as Healthy as AthletesC．Radiation Affects Astronauts HealthD．Astronauts---- Well-Educated and Earn More 【知识点】 疾病 科普知识 说明文 直接理解 逻辑推理 标题判断 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/03/20组卷：109 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐2】The idea of cloning your pet sounds like a laughable waste of money, because it is. But it starts to seem a little less laughable when your own beloved pet starts getting older. If I had had a few hundred thousand dollars to spare, I know I would have half-seriously considered it for my dear little cat, who died last year. One couple that does happen to have a few hundred dollars to spare is Barry Diller and Diane, who have reportedly cloned their beloved Jack Russell Terrier (a kind of dog), Shannon, and now have two identical Jack Russell Terrier named Deena and Evita.When your pet dies, you just want your pet back, or at least as close a copy as you can get. So it’s really no surprise that of the around 600 dogs cloned by Sooam Biotech Reaserch Foundation most were cloned for sad pet owners. The lab in Seoul, South Korea, is now the only place on the planet in the business of cloning pet dogs for pet owners.But, in fact, the technology won’t give you your pet back. There don’t yet appear to be any studies on the behaviour of cloned pets, but research on cloned cows and pigs has so far shown marked differences in behaviour and even looks in cloned animals. The DNA is exactly the same, but there are still differences in personality and appearance.Even if Diller and Von Furstenburg raise their new dogs in the exactly same environment in the exactly same way that they raised Shannon, the new dogs will still behave differently. “The promise of pet cloning is that your cloned pet is going to behave and look like the one you already have --- and that will not be the case,” said Professor Jorge Piedrahita at N.C. State. “We have cloned animals that were raised in the same environment, but they still didn’t act the same.”【小题1】What can we learn about the lab in Seoul?A．It was set up by some pet owners.B．It has cloned hundreds of pet dogs.C．It charges nothing for its services.D．It has cloned a cat for the author.【小题2】Why does the author mention the studies on cloned cows and pigs?A．To explain why farm animals are cloned.B．To discuss why pet cloning is so popular.C．To show cloned animals are very different from each other.D．To prove cloning is not a good way to bring pets from the dead.【小题3】What will the couple be likely to find out about their new dogs?A．They’ll grow in a very strange way.B．They’ll dislike their new environment.C．They’ll act differently from Shannon.D．They’ll have the same personality as Shannon.【小题4】What was Piedrahita’s attitude towards the lab’s promise of pet cloning?A．He disbelieved it.B．He was worried about it.C．He was curious about it.D．He showed much interest in it. 【知识点】 发明与创造 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2018/08/03组卷：56 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 典型 【推荐3】Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots, rescuers will be able to save lives during an earthquake.This robot looking like a helicopter, is called the detector-bot. It’s about 4 meters long, and it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions (作用) are to collect information from the air, and send goods of up to 30 kilos, to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot has a high definition 360 degree panoramic (全景) camera. It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.Dr. Qi Juntong, Chinese Academy of Science, said, “The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn’t need a distant control. We just set the destination (目的地) information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 meters, and as fast as 100 kilometers per hour.”This robot has a different function — it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go.As well as a detector (探测器) that finds victims and detects poisonous gas, a camera is placed in the 40 centimeter long robot, which can work in the dark.Another use for the rescuers is the supply part, with its 10 meter long pipe. People who are trapped in the ruins, will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will enter production, and serve as part of the national earth-quake rescue team as soon as next year.【小题1】According to the passage, this robot________.A．is carried by the helicopterB．weighs about 30 kilosC．is a machine with a length of 10 metersD．hasn’t been put into production so far【小题2】The underlined word “which” in paragraph 6 refers to________.A．a cameraB．a robotC．a rescuerD．a detector【小题3】Which of the following is true of the robot?A．It is designed to prevent the earthquake.B．It is unable to send goods.C．It can take and send pictures even in the dark.D．It can be used to take in poisonous gas.【小题4】The text is mainly about _____________.A．what the robot looks likeB．an introduction to the robotC．how the robot is madeD．information about earthquakes 【知识点】 科普与现代技术 说明文 直接理解 正误判断 文章大意 指代猜测 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/03/11组卷：105 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐1】Scientists in New Zealand are developing drones (无人机) and small radars to follow insects to try to protect threatened species. The new technology involves attaching radars to the insects to follow their movements. The devices connect electronically to drones that will track the insects in real—time. The scientists are with the University of Canterbury on New Zealand’s South Island. The team says it hopes the technology will lead to a deeper understanding of the country’s troubled insect populations.The research builds on years of experience in the area of bird conservation, in which radio tracking methods have helped to protect many threatened species. But that technology had to be made much smaller for use on insects. The researchers have now made about 20 small “harmonic” devices that can be attached to insects. The insects can then be tracked over wide areas by drones.Steve Pawson, from the university’s College of Engineering, said that bird-tracking technology is what made the researchers start looking for a similar solution to follow insects.The information from tagged birds, Pawson said, “really informs conservation management.” The same system can help scientists learn more about many different insect behaviors, he added, like how far they move, where they look for food, and even, how long they live.“If we have that knowledge, then we can incorporate (包含) it into our decision making and our planning for conservation management operations,” Pawson added.The researchers plan to begin tests of the system on ground-based insects before moving to the greater complexities of tracking insects in flight. They hope to begin field testing by 2023.The team says the research could possibly be useful in other scientific fields as well, such as biosecurity or medical imaging.【小题1】What do we know about the new technology?A．It uses devices as big as those on birds.B．It can better control insects’ movements.C．It will increase the number of insects quickly.D．It is developed based on bird-tracking technology.【小题2】What does the underlined part “that knowledge” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A．The information from tagged birds.B．Knowing the use of drones and radars.C．The information about insect behaviors.D．Knowing how to protect endangered species.【小题3】What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The research has some limitations.B．The research will be completed in two years.C．The research will start with insects in flight.D．The research may be applied for other purposes.【小题4】What may be the best title for the text?A．The Study of Tagged SpeciesB．The Protection of Troubled SpeciesC．Drones to Study Threatened InsectsD．Bird-tracking Technology in New Zealand 【知识点】 自然 科普与现代技术 说明文 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2021/07/15组卷：34 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐2】There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting（提炼）aluminum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call "the environment," Buckminster Fuller said, "Pollution is nothing but the resources（资源）we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because weve been ignorant of their value." To take one example, lets compare the throwaway economy（经济）with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cats 15-year lifetime. Thats 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cats weight.In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, wed have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cats lifetime-and well still have 100 left over for the next cat.Instead of using up 219kg of steel, weve used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, weve also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution-85%; in water pollution-35%; in water use-40%.【小题1】What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?A．It is becoming more serious.B．It destroys the environment.C．It benefits the economy.D．It is the resources yet to be used.【小题2】How many cans will be used up in a cats 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?A．50B．100C．150D．250【小题3】What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A．To promote the idea of recycling.B．To introduce an environmentalist.C．To discuss the causes of pollution.D．To defend the throwaway economy. 【知识点】 环境保护 说明文 直接理解 目的意图 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2017/11/08组卷：843 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 典型 【推荐3】The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonable sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away -- for example, because he owns a house and has a family -- he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail（保释金）. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty（认罪）or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted（宣判有罪的）person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation（缓刑）.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.【小题1】What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.【小题2】According to the passage, ‘he can go free’ (para. 3) means _________.A．the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend himB．the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocentC．the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or notD．the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial【小题3】What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?A．To pay for the judge and the trial.B．To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.C．To ensure that the suspect will return to court.D．To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.【小题4】According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A．The American justice system sometimes operates slowlyB．The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.C．It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.D．The jury considers the evidence in the court room. 【知识点】 社会 说明文 正误判断 逻辑推理 文章大意 句意猜测 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2019/11/19组卷：141 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 典型 【推荐1】The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiment is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear – casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducible is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?), and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications, the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data-Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.【小题1】What crisis is the study of psychology facing?A．The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B．The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C．The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.D．The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.【小题2】What do the numbers in Para. 3 indicate?A．Scientific studies may not prove scientific.B．Science needs to be updated frequently.C．Journals should be stricter with studies,D．It is getting hard to count on scientists.【小题3】The Refs focus on originality has brought about ___________.A．a reliable body of knowledgeB．publications exploring new areasC．tests of well-established theoriesD．uninteresting replications of studies【小题4】We can infer from the passage that the Ref ____________.A．is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB．provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC．recognizes researchers work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD．is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission【小题5】What does the writer mean by saying \be a good scientist\? A．Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.B．Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.C．Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D．Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis. 【知识点】 科普与现代技术 社会 议论文 直接理解 逻辑推理 论证方式 词义猜测 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/03/19组卷：107 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐2】Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2063. Let’s make believe it is about fifty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and the old.What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.People are now largely vegetarians. You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.Such would be our life in 2063.【小题1】When was the passage written?A．In about A. D. 2060.B．In about 1960.C．In about 2013.D．In about 2004.【小题2】According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A.D. 2063?A．Many tourists.B．Many other animals.C．Many plants.D．A sea.【小题3】What will people eat then according to the passage?A．Biscuits in pill form.B．Foods in pill form.C．Foods in water form.D．Foods in gas form.【小题4】The passage tells us that in 2063, _________ on the earth than now.A．there are fewer populationB．there are more pestsC．there is less waterD．the crops are getting better 【知识点】 畅想未来 说明文 直接理解 语意转化 数字计算 逻辑推理 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2020/03/10组卷：45 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 阅读选择 | 较难（0.4） | 【推荐3】At this very moment you’re thirsty and hunting for something to drink. So you start walking towards the drinks machine at school. As you drink you hear your teacher say those frightening words: “Could I see you for a moment in the classroom, please?”You can almost feel your blood pressure rise as you walk to your English class. She’s always picking on you. What can it be this time? You think of the test you did last Friday. Now your mind is racing, your heart is pounding, and your forehead is pouring with sweat. In situations like this you will often feel like running away but you may also feel like hitting someone on the nose.Your teacher asks you to go into the class. “Here it comes,” you think. But what you hear is: “Well done. Your test was excellent.” You can hardly believe your ears.Our fight or flight response is designed to protect us from tigers that would have once hidden in the woods around us, threatening(威胁) our survival. At times when our survival is threatened, there is no greater response to have on our side. When activated(刺激), the response causes stress hormones to pump through our body.When we face very real dangers to our survival, it is invaluable. However, few of the “tigers” we face in our lives cause a serious physical threat to our existence. They cause us no end of stress, triggering(引发) the full activation of our fight or flight response. They tend to cause us to overreact to the situation in a counterproductive (事与愿违的) way. It is counterproductive to hit someone (the fight response) or run away (the flight response).By recognizing the symptoms, we can begin to take steps to handle the stress overload. By learning to recognize the signals of fight or flight activation, we can avoid reacting excessively (过度地) to events and fears that are not life threatening. In doing so, we use this extra energy to help ourselves, borrowing the beneficial effects in order to change our emotional environment and deal productively with our fears, thoughts and potential dangers.【小题1】You feel nervous when walking to the classroom because ________.A．you broke the school rulesB．you failed the test last FridayC．your teacher spoke to you loudlyD．your teacher always blames you【小题2】What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A．The power of our fight or flight response.B．How our fight or flight response works.C．The benefits of our fight or flight response.D．How we control our fight or flight response.【小题3】The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to ________.A．fierce tigersB．real dangersC．dangers we faceD．serious physical threats【小题4】A good understanding of our fight or flight response can help us ________.A．get rid of unnecessary stressB．face real dangers bravelyC．find hidden dangersD．take threats seriously 【知识点】 科普与现代技术 说明文 直接理解 段落大意 指代猜测 您最近一月使用：0次 更新：2019/12/12组卷：184 相似题 纠错 收藏 详情 加入试卷 温馨提示 由于组卷网是一个信息分享及获取的平台。不确保部分用户上传资料的来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益，请联系组卷网，我们核实后将及时进行处理。版权申诉

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