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Autoinducer-2 Part No.: D060111 (-1mg; -5mg, -10 mg)
CAS: 142937-55-1 419532-50-6
Names: Autoinducer-2 AI-2 S-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione MW 132.11 MF C 5H8O4 Purity 95% Stability 1 year at -78 °C; ~6 months at -15 °C Supplied frozen solution in water, pH ~2. History Prepared by chemical synthesis; contains no animal, plant, or bacterial derived components.
Laboratory Use. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) or S-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) should be stored at -78 °C if possible or -15 °C. It is provided as a frozen dilute aqueous solution in water at a pH of ~2 to maximize stability. It is not stable as a solid. It needs no deprotection to form active AI-2. The concentration is about 0.5 mg/mL or 3.6 mM. The exact concentration is specified on the each vial. If aliquoted into smaller portions, glass vials should be used for greater stability. Silanized vials are acceptable too.
AI-2 should be diluted down to 5-50 micromolar for studies with buffer or media as appropriate. The range can be higher or lower depending on the bacteria being studied. Concentrations of 10-25 micromolar are often used.
Utility. Autoinducer-2 is a small sugar molecule produced by many species of bacteria including gram-positive, gram-negative, nonpathogenic and pathogenic species. It exists in a linear and multiple cyclic forms that interconvert rapidly. It is used by bacterial to sense other bacteria of the same and difference species. As such it plays a role in biofilm formation and maintenance. Often for marine bacteria, borate may be added or present in media. AI-2 forms a complex with borate and the complex is sensed by some marine bacteria. This borate complex also readily forms and is in rapid equilibrium with free borate and linear/cyclic forms.