Cell Biologics/Recombinant Human CCL3/Z100679/ 1.0 mg

MacrophageInflammatoryProtein-1isafactorproducedbymacrophagesthatcauseslocalinflammatoryresponses,andinducessuperoxideproductionbyneutrophils.TwopeptidesareresponsIBLeforthisactivity.TheyhavebeentermedMIP-1-alpha,andMIP-1-beta.ThetwoMIPproteinsarethemajorfactorsproducedbymacrophagesfollowingtheirstimulationwithbacterialendotoxins.Bothproteinsareinvolvedinthecellactivationofhumangranulocytes(neutrophils,eosinophils,andbasophils)andappeartobeinvolvedinacuteneutrophilicinflammation.BothformsofMIP-1stimulatetheproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesinneutrophilsandthereleaseoflysosomalenzymes.Theyalsoinducethesynthesisofotherpro-inflammatorycytokinessuchasIL-1,IL-6andTNFinfibroblastsandmacrophages.MIP-1-alphaisapotentagoNISTofbasophils,inducingarapidchangeofcytosolicfreecalcium(seealso:Calciumionophore),thereleaseofhistamineandsulfido-leukotrienes,andchemotaxis.MurineMIP-1-alphaistheprimarystimulatorofTNFsecretionbymacrophages,whereasMIP-1-betaantagonizestheinductiveeffectsofMIP-1-alpha.InhumanmonocytestheproductionofMIP-1-betacanbeinducedbybacteriallipopolysaccharidesandIL-7.TheBIOLOGicalactivitiesofMIP-1-alphaandMIP-1-betaaremediatedbyreceptorsthatbindbothfactorsCCR5.AsecondspeciesofreceptorsforthesetwofactorsalsoappearstobindMCAF.