脑源神经营养因子/脑衍化神经营养因子

脑源神经营养因子/脑衍化神经营养因子

编号：XY-0248R

Neurotrophinsfunctiontoregulatenaturallyoccurringcelldeathofneuronsduringdevelopment.Theprototypeneurotrophinisnervegrowthfactor(NGF),originallydiscoveredinthe1950sasasolublepeptidepromotingthesurvivalof,andneuriteoutgrowthfrom,sympatheticganglia.Morerecently,threeadditionalstructurallyhomologousneurotrophicfactorshavebeenidentified.Theseincludebrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF),neurotrophin-3(NT-3)andneurotrophin-4(NT-4),alsodesignatedNT-5.Thesevariousneurotrophinsstimulatetheinvitrosurvivalofdistinctbutpartiallyoverlappingpopulationsofneurons.TheTrkAreceptoristhepreferentialreceptorforNGF,butalsobindsNT-3andNT-4.TheTrkBreceptorbindsequallywelltobothBDNFandNT-4andtoalesserextentNT-3,whiletheTrkCreceptoronlybindsNT-3.BDNFpromotesthesurvivalofneuronalpopulationsthatarealllocatedeitherinthecentralnervoussystemordirectlyconnectedtoit.BelongstotheNGF-betafamily.
Function:Duringdevelopment,promotesthesurvivalanddifferentiationofselectedneuronalpopulationsoftheperipheralandcentralnervoussystems.Participatesinaxonalgrowth,pathfindingandinthemodulationofdendriticgrowthandmorphology.MajorregulatorofsynaptictransmissionandplasticityatadultsynapsesinmanyregionsoftheCNS.TheversatilityofBDNFisemphasizedbyitscontributiontoarangeofadaptiveneuronalresponsesincludinglong-termpotentiation(LTP),long-termdepression(LTD),certainformsofshort-termsynapticplasticity,aswellashomeostaticregulationofintrinsicneuronalexcitability.
Subunit:Monomersandhomodimers.BindstoNTRK2/TRKB.
SubcellularLocation:Secreted.
TissueSpecificity:Brain.Highlyexpressedinhippocampus,amygdala,cerebralcortexandcerebellum.Alsoexpressedinheart,lung,skeletalmuscle,testis,prostateandplacenta.
Post-translationalmodifications:ThepropeptideisN-glycosylatedandglycosulfated.
ConvertedintomatureBDNFbyplasmin(PLG).
DISEASE:DefectsinBDNFareacauseofcongenitalcentralhypoventilationsyndrome(CCHS)[MIM:209880];alsoknownascongenitalfailureofautonomiccontrolorOndinecurse.CCHSisararedisordercharacterizedbyabnormalcontrolofrespirationintheabsenceofneuromuscularorlungdisease,oranidentifiablebrainstemlesion.Adeficiencyinautonomiccontrolofrespirationresultsininadequateornegligibleventilatoryandarousalresponsestohypercapniaandhypoxemia.CCHSisfrequentlycomplicatedwithneurocristopathiessuchasHirschsprungdiseasethatoccursinabout16%ofCCHScases.
Similarity:BelongstotheNGF-betafamily.
神经生物学相关蛋白（Neurobiology）
人脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经营养素-3(NT-3)神经生长因子(NGF)属于神经营养因子(NTF)家族的组成成员，具有促进早期神经元的增殖与分化，维持成熟神经元的存活的生物学功能,能调控神经元再生的微环境、可促进运动神经元的存活和生长并能防止它受损及死亡。对治疗神经系统疾病有广泛的临床应用前景。
目前已经用于某些疾病的临床试验：如早期老年性痴呆症、帕金森氏症、糖尿病、艾滋病或其他原因引起的外周神经损伤等研究。