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High molecular weight cytokeratins are expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues (1). In prostate, CK HMW [34βE12] has been shown to be a useful marker of basal cells of normal glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a precursor lesion to prostatic adenocarcinoma; whereas invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma typically lacks a basal cell layer (2-4).
p63, a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, has been identified in proliferating basal cells in the epithelial layers of a variety of tissues, including epidermis, cervix, urothelium and prostate (5). p63 was detected in nuclei of the basal epithelium in normal prostate glands; however, it was not expressed in malignant tumors of the prostate (6).
α-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), also known as P504S, is a peroxisomal and mitochondrial enzyme that plays a role in bile acid synthesis and β-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids (7). AMACR was initially identified from a cDNA library as a gene that is overexpressed in human prostate cancer; with little or no expression in normal prostate (8,9). In immunohistochemistry, AMACR has been shown to be a specific marker of prostatic adenocarcinoma (8-11). Additionally, prostate glands involved in PIN have been found to express AMACR, whereas AMACR was nearly undetectable in benign glands (11,12).
Studies have shown that combinations of CK HMW [34βE12], p63, and/or AMACR may be useful in the evaluation of normal prostate glands, PIN and prostatic adenocarcinoma (13,14).
U.S. Patent 8,603,765 and patents pending.
Formerly known as PIN-4®
| Intended Use | IVD |
|---|---|
| Source | Mouse Monoclonal, Rabbit Monoclonal |
| Clone | 13H4, 34BE12, 4A4 |
| Isotype | IgG, IgG1/kappa, IgG2a/kappa |
| Antigen | AMACR, CK HMW, p63 |
| Localization | Cytoplasmic, Nuclear |
| Positive Control | Normal prostate adenocarcinoma |
| Species Reactivity | Human; others not tested |
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