The Economic Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) as a Biomass Feedstock Open Access Library

Thispaperanalyzesapro-formaeconomicmarketandsupplychainsystemforthereuseofalignocellulose(brewer’sspentgrain)inanindustrialbiotechnologyenvironment.Anextantliteraturereviewwasconducted,followedbyatechnicalanalysisofBSG,andthedevelopmentofasupplychainsystemandeconomicmarketanalysisbaseduponaparticipantbrewingcompanyandindustryexperts.Inthispaper,itwasfoundthat,evenwiththepotentialforfutureimprovementsintheconversionofbrewer’sspentgrain(BSG)fromanefficiencystandpoint,thisindustrialresidualissupplychainprohibitiveasabiofeedstockincomparisontootherlignocellulosematerials,therefore,centralizedmarketrelationshipswouldnotbeadvantageousforsellersandbuyers.FutureresearchshouldconsidertheviABIlityofcentralizedsupplychainstructuresforalternativesthatmayexistasfuturebio-feedstocks.
[1]Chandel,A.,Chandrasekhar,G.,Radhika,K.,Ravinder,R.andRavindra,P.(2011)BioconversionofPentoseSugarsintoEthanol:AReviewandFutureDirections.BiotechnologyandMolecularBIOLOGyReview,6,8-20.
[2]Cardona,C.A.andSanchez,O.J.(2007)FuelEthanolProduction:ProcessDesignTrendsandIntegrationOpportunities.BioresourceTechnology,98,2415-2457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.002
[3]Zhou,C.,Xia,X.,Lin,C.,Tong,D.andBeltramini,J.(2011)CatalyticConversionofLignocellulosicBiomasstoFineChemicalsandFuels.ChemicalSocietyReviews,40,5588-5617.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15124j
[4]Kapdan,L.andKargi,F.(2006)BiohydrogenProductionfromWasteMaterials.EnzymeandMicrobialTechnology,38,569-582.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.09.015
[5]Bayer,E.A.,Lamed,R.andHimmel,M.E.(2007)ThePotentialofCellulasesandCellulosomesforCellulosicWasteManagement.CurrentOpinioninBiotechnology,18,237-245.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.004
[6]Himmel,M.E.(2008)BiomassRecalcitrance:DeconstructingthePlantCellWallForioenergy.BlackwellPub.,Oxford.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444305418
[7]Stojceska,V.,Ainsworth,P.,Plunkett,A.and?banogˇlu,S.(2008)TheRecyclingofBrewer’sProcessingBy-ProductintoReady-to-EatSnacksUsingExtrusionTechnology.JournalofCerealScience,47,469-479.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.05.016
[8]Landry,C.(2002)BeerforBessie.http://www.perc.org/articles/article244.php
[9]Fillaudeau,L.,Blanpain-Avet,P.andDaufin,G.(2006)Water,WastewaterandWasteManagementinBrewingIndustries.JournalofCleanerProduction,14,463-471.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.01.002
[10]Aliyu,S.andBala,M.(2011)Brewer’sSpentGrain:AReviewofItsPotentialsandApplications.AfricanJournalofBiotechnology,10,324-331.
[11]Erickson,B.,Nelson,J.andWinters,P.(2012)PerspectiveonOpportunitiesinIndustrialBiotechnology.BiotechnologyJournal,7,1-10.
[12]Wohlgemuth,R.(2009)TheLocksandKeystoIndustrialBiotechnology.NewBiotechnology,25,204-213.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.01.002
[13]Pei,L.,Schmidt,M.andWei,W.(2011)ConversionofBiomassintoBioplasticsandTheirPotentialEnvironmentalImpacts.INTECHOpenAccessPublisher,Rijecka.
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/conversion-of-biomass-into-bioplastics-and-their-potential-environmental-impacts
[14]Gold,S.andSeuring,S.(2011)SupplyChainandLogisticsIssuesofBio-EnergyProduction.JournalofCleanerProduction,19,32-42.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.08.009
[15]Tsvetkova,A.andGustafsson,M.(2012)BusinessModelsforIndustrialEcosystems:AModularApproach.JournalofCleanerProduction,29-30,246-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.017
[16]Simon,H.(1962)TheArchitectureofComplexity.ProceedingsoftheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety,106,467-482.
[17]Martin,M.andEklund,M.(2011)ImprovingtheEnvironmentalPerformanceofBiofuelswithIndustrialSymbiosis.BiomassandBioenergy,35,1747-1755.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.016
[18]Malherbe,S.andCloete,T.(2002)LignocelluloseBiodegradation:FundamentalsandApplications.ReviewsinEnvironmentalScienceandBiotechnology,1,105-114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020858910646
[19]Binder,J.B.andRaines,R.T.(2010)FermentableSugarsbyChemicalHydrolysisofBiomass.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,107,4516-4521.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2842027
[20]Lynd,L.,Laser,M.,Bransby,D.,Dale,B.,Davison,B.,Hamilton,R.,Himmel,M.,Keller,M.,McMillan,J.D.,Sheehan,J.andWyman,C.E.(2008)HowBiotechCanTransformBiofuels.NatureBiotechnology,26,169-172.http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0208-169
[21]Saratale,G.andOh,S.(2012)LignocellolosicstoEthanol:TheFutureoftheChemicalandEnergyIndustry.AfricanJournalofBiotechnology,11,1002-1013.
[22]Wyman,C.(2007)WhatIs(andIsNot)VitaltoAdvancingCellulosicEthanol.TrendsinBiotechnology,25,153-157.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.02.009
[23]Yang,B.andWyman,C.(2008)Pretreatment:ThekeytoUnlockingLow-CostCellulosicEthanol.Biofuels,BioproductsandBiorefining,2,26-40.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.49
[24]DeWinde,J.H.andMeijnen,J.P.(2010).C5-TechnologyinPseudomonasPutidaS12:Construction,AnalysisandImplementationofD-XyloseMetabolicPathways.DoctoralThesis,Meijnen.
[25]Mussatto,S.(2009)BiotechnologicalPotentialofBrewingIndustryby-Products.In:Singh,N.andNigram,P.,Eds.,BiotechnologyforAgro-IndustrialResiduesUtilization,Springer,Berlin,313-326.
[26]Forssell,P.,Kontkanen,H.,Schols,H.A.,Hinz,S.,Eijsink,V.G.H.,Treimo,J.,Robertson,J.A.,Waldron,K.W.,Faulds,C.B.andBuchert,J.(2008)HydrolysisofBrewer’sSpentGrainbyCarbohydrateDegrADIngEnzymes.JournaloftheInstituteofBrewing,114,306-314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00774.x
[27]Robertson,J.,I’Anson,K.,Treimo,J.,Faulds,C.,Brocklehurst,T.,Eijsink,V.andWaldron,K.(2010)ProfilingBrewers’SpentGrainforCompositionandMicrobialEcologyattheSiteofProduction.LWT-FoodScienceandTechnology,43,890-896.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.019
[28]Gupta,M.,Abu-Ghannam,N.andGallaghar,E.(2010)BarleyforBrewing:CharacteristicChangesduringMalting,BrewingandApplicationsofItsBy-Products.ComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceandFoodSafety,9,318-328.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00112.x
[29]Gomez,A.,Zubizarreta,J.,Rodrigues,M.,Dopazo,C.andFueyo,N.(2010)AnEstimationoftheEnergyPotentialofAgro-IndustrialResiduesinSpain.Resources,Conservation&Recycling,54,972-984.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.02.004
[30]Mussatto,S.andTexeira,J.(2010)LignocelluloseasRawMaterialinFermentationProcesses.In:Mendez-Vilas,A.,Ed.,CurrentResearch,TechnologyandEducationTopicsinAppliedMicrobiologyandMicrobialBiotechnology,FormatexResearchCenter,Badajoz,897-907.
[31]Ali,Z.,Anjum,F.M.andZahoor,T.(2007)ProductionofLacticAcidfromCornCobsthroughFermentationbyLactobacillusDelbruekii.PakistanJournalofScientificandIndustrialResearch,50,408-410.
[32]Nigam,P.andPandey,A.(2009)BiotechnologyforAgro-IndustrialResiduesUtilisation:UtilisationofAgro-Residues.Springer,Dordrecht.http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=450886
[33]Kanauchi,O.,Mitsuyama,K.andAraki,Y.(2001)DevelopmentofaFunctionalGerminatedBarleyFoodstufffromBrewer’sSpentGrainfortheTreatmentofUlcerativeColitis.ResearchArticles.JournaloftheAmericanSocietyofBrewingChemists,59,59-62.
[34]Mussatto,S.andRoberto,I.(2006)ChemicalCharacterizationandLiberationofPentoseSugarsfromBrewersSpentGrain.JournalofChemicalTechnologyandBiotechnology,81,268-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1374
[35]Russ,W.,Mortel,H.andMeyer-Pittroff,R.(2005)ApplicationofSpentGrainstoIncreasePorosityinBricks.ConstructionandBuildingMaterials,19,117-126.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.014
[36]Czuchajowska,Z.,Klamczynski,A.,Paszczynska,B.andBalk,B.K.(1998)StructureandFunctionalityofBarleyStarches.CerealChemistry,75,747-754.http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.5.747
[37]Slade,R.,Bauen,A.andShah,N.(2009)TheCommercialPerformanceofCellulosicEthanolSupply-ChainsinEurope.BiotechnologyforBiofuels,2.
[38]vanWyk,J.(2001)BiotechnologyandtheUtilizationofBiowasteasaResourceforBioproductDevelopment.TrendsinBiotechnology,19,172-177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01601-8