A new purpose: Sox2 has more to offer in the immune system

Neutrophilsarethelargesthumanwhitebloodcellpopulation.AsaprimaryeffectorofimmuneresponseagainstinvADIngpathogens,neutrophilgranulocytesmigratetotheinfectioussiteintheshortestpossIBLetimetoidentifyandingestpathogens.Ithasbeenwellknownthatneutrophilsareabletoachievethatbyexpressingtoll-likereceptors(TLRs)inordertorecognizebacteriaelements.Surprisingly,agroupofscientistsdeterminedthatSox2,atranscriptionfactorknownforitsimportanceinmaintainingself-renewalofstemcells,actslikeTLRsandwasusedasasensorforbacterialgenomeinneutrophils.

Aspublishedin NatureImmunology(2015,Marchissue) ,Sox2isconstitutivelyexpressedinthecytoplasmofhumanandmouseneutrophils,butnotinotherlymphocytessuchasTcells,Bcellsordendriticcells.AsXiaetal.furtherexploredthefunctionofthistranscriptionfactorintheimmunesystem,theyfoundthatSox2dimerizationwasneededtoactivateinflammatoryresponsesuponchallengewithbacterialDNAthatmatchthesequencerecognitionsitesinSox2high-mobility-group(HMG)domain.Inaddition,Sox2-deficientmicediedatahigherratethanthecontrollittlemateswheninfectedwithListeriamonocytogenes.MechaNISTically,theauthorsalsorevealedthatSox2dimerizationactivateskinasessuchasTAK1andTAB2,whichfurtherturnsonNF-kBandAP-1downstreamsignalingpathwayinneutrophils.Inconclusion,thisreportrevealapreviouslyunrecognizedrolesforSox2asaDNA-sensorinneutrophilstocombatpathogensandinfectiousdiseases.

Toisolateneutrophilsfromthebloodcellpopulations,arigooffers NeutrophilMarkerAntibodyDuo(ARG30204) whichisapplicableforFACSandFACS-sortingexperiments. NF-kBactivationAntibodyPanel(ARG30205) consistingphospho-IKK,IkBalpha,phospho-p38andphospho-JNKantibodiesfortheaccuratedissectionofNF-kBactivationpathwayinthesecells.Proinflammatorycytokinessuchas TNF-alphaELISAKit(ARG80206) , IL-6ELISAKit(ARG80199) and IL-1bELISAKit(ARG80196) allowsustoinvestigatetheeffectorresponsesofneutrophils.

AntibodyPanel

 NF-kBactivationAntibodyPanel(ARG30205)    ARG51780IKKbetaphospho(Tyr199)Antibody ARG51160IkappaBalphaantibody      ARG51850P38MAPKphospho(Thr180/Tyr182)Antibody ARG51807JNK1/JNK2/JNK3phospho(Thr180/Tyr185)Antibody    ELISA Kit     ARG80206TNFalphaELISAKit ARG80196IL1betaELISAKit