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Megazyme/Glucomannan (Konjac; High Viscosity)/P-GLCMH/3 grams

HighpurityGlucomannan(Konjac;HighViscosity)foruseinresearch,biochemicalenzymeassaysandinvitrodiagnosticanalysis.

Purity>95%.Glucose:Mannose=37:60.Acetylated.Viscosity=12dL/g.

Arevisedarchitectureofprimarycellwallsbasedonbiomechanicalchangesinducedbysubstrate-specificendoglucanases.

Park,Y.B.&Cosgrove,D.J.(2012).PlantPhysiology,158(4),1933-1943.

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Xyloglucaniswidelybelievedtofunctionasatetherbetweencellulosemicrofibrilsintheprimarycellwall,limitingcellenlargementbyrestrictingtheABIlityofmicrofibrilstoseparatelaterally.Totestthebiomechanicalpredictionsofthis“tetherednetwork”model,weassessedtheabilityofcucumber(Cucumissativus)hypocotylwallstoundergocreep(long-term,irreversIBLeextension)inresponsetothreefamily-12endo-β-1,4-glucanasesthatcanspecificallyhydrolyzexyloglucan,cellulose,orboth.Xyloglucan-specificendoglucanase(XEGfromAspergillusaculeatus)failedtoinducecellwallcreep,whereasanendoglucanasethathydrolyzesbothxyloglucanandcellulose(Cel12AfromHypocreajecorina)inducedahighcreeprate.Acellulose-specificendoglucanase(CEGfromAspergillusniger)didnotcausecellwallcreep,eitherbyitselforincombinationwithXEG.Testswithadditionalenzymes,includingafamily-5endoglucanase,confirmedtheconclusionthattocausecreep,endoglucanasesmustcutbothxyloglucanandcellulose.Similarresultswereobtainedwithmeasurementsofelasticandplasticcompliance.BothXEGandCel12Ahydrolyzedxyloglucaninintactwalls,butCel12AcouldhydrolyzeaminorxyloglucancompartmentrecalcitranttoXEGdigestion.XyloglucaninvolvementintheseenzymeresponseswasconfirmedbyexperimentswithArabidopsis(Arabidopsisthaliana)hypocotyls,whereCel12Ainducedcreepinwild-typebutnotinxyloglucan-deficient(xxt1/xxt2)walls.Ourresultsareincompatiblewiththecommondepictionofxyloglucanasaload-bearingtetherspanningthe20-to40-nmspacingbetweencellulosemicrofibrils,buttheydoimplicateaminorxyloglucancomponentinwallmechanics.Thestructurallyimportantxyloglucanmaybelocatedinlimitedregionsoftightcontactbetweenmicrofibrils.

TetanusToxoidsLoadedGlucomannosylatedChitosanBasedNanohomingVaccineAdjuvantwithImprovedOralStabilityandImmunostimulatoryResponse.

Harde,H.,Agrawal,A.K.&Jain,S.(2015).PharmaceuticalResearch,32(1),122-134.

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Purpose:Thepresentreportembarksonrationaldesigningofstableandfunctionalizedchitosannanoparticlesfororalmucosalimmunization.Methods:StableglucomannosylatedsCh-GM-NPswerepreparedbytandemcrosslinkingmethodfollowedbylyophilization.Theinvitrostabilityofantigenandformulation,cellularuptakeandimmunostimulatoryresponsewereassessedbysuitableexperimentalprotocol.Results:StabilitytestingensuredthechemicalandconformationpermanencyofencapsulatedTTaswellasrobustnessofsCh-GM-NPsinsimulatedBIOLOGicalmedia.TheantigenreleasefromsCh-GM-NPsfollowedinitialburstfollowedbycontrolledWeibull’stypeofreleaseprofile.ThehigherintracellularuptakeofsCh-GM-NPsinRaw264.7andCaco-2wasconcentrationandtimedependentwhichmainlyattributedtoClathrinandreceptormediatedendocytosisviamannoseandglucosereceptor.TheinvivoevaluationinanimalsrevealedthatsCh-GM-NPsposedsignificantly(p < 0.001)higher=""humoral,=""mucosal=""and=""cellular=""immune=""response=""than=""other=""counterparts.=""more=""importantly,=""commercial=""tt=""vaccine=""administered=""through=""oral=""or=""intramuscular=""route=""was=""unable=""to=""elicit=""all=""type=""of=""immune=""response.="">Conclusion:ThesCh-GM-NPscouldbeconsideredaspromisingvaccineadjuvantfororaltetanusimmunization.Additionally,thistechnologyexpectedtobenefitthedesignanddevelopmentofstableperoralformulationforadmiNISTrationofprotein,peptidesandvarietyofotherantigens.

Divalenttoxoidsloadedstablechitosan–glucomannannanoassembliesforefficientsystemic,mucosalandcellularimmunostimulatoryresponsefollowingoraladministration.

Harde,H.,Siddhapura,K.,Agrawal,A.K.&Jain,S.(2015).Internationaljournalofpharmaceutics,487(1),292-304.

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Thepresentstudyreportsdualtetanusanddiphtheriatoxoidsloadedstablechitosan–glucomannannanoassemblies(sCh–GM-NAs)formulatedusingtandemionicgelationtechniquefororalmucosalimmunization.Thestable,lyophilizedsCh–GM-NAsexhibited~152 nmparticlesizeand~85%EEofboththetoxoids.ThelyophilizedsCh–GM-NAsdisplayedexcellentstabilityinbiomimeticmediaandpreservedchemical,conformationandbiologicalstabilityofencapsulatedtoxoids.ThehigherintracellularAPCsuptakeofsCh–GM-NAswasconcentrationandtimedependentwhichmaybeattributedtothereceptormediatedendocytosisviamannoseandglucosereceptor.ThehigherCaco-2uptakeofsCh–GM-NAswasfurtherconfirmedbyexvivointestinaluptakestudies.TheinvivoevaluationrevealedthatsCh–GM-NAsposedsignificantly(p < 0.001)higher=""humoral,=""mucosal=""and=""cellular=""immune=""response=""than=""other=""counterparts=""by=""eliciting=""complete=""protective=""levels=""of=""anti-tt=""and=""anti-dt=""(~0.1 iu/ml)=""antibodies.=""importantly,=""commercial=""‘dual=""antigen’=""vaccine=""administered=""through=""oral=""or=""intramuscular=""route=""was=""unable=""to=""elicit=""all=""type=""of=""immune=""response.=""conclusively,=""sch–gm-nas=""could=""be=""considered=""as=""promising=""vaccine=""adjuvant=""for=""oral=""mucosal=""immunization.="">

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Megazyme/Glucomannan (Konjac; High Viscosity)/P-GLCMH/3 grams

Arevisedarchitectureofprimarycellwallsbasedonbiomechanicalchangesinducedbysubstrate-specificendoglucanases.

TetanusToxoidsLoadedGlucomannosylatedChitosanBasedNanohomingVaccineAdjuvantwithImprovedOralStabilityandImmunostimulatoryResponse.

Divalenttoxoidsloadedstablechitosan–glucomannannanoassembliesforefficientsystemic,mucosalandcellularimmunostimulatoryresponsefollowingoraladministration.