Paxilline is an indole alkaloid isolated from Penicillium paxilli. Paxilline has been shown to selectively and reversibly block the high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel. In neutrophils, Paxilline blockage of Maxi-K channels decreased the alkalinization of phagocytic vacuoles and inhibited the microbicidal process. When paxilline was applied to the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens at more positive potentials than -40 mV up to 15 mV, significant depolarization of the smooth muscle contractions was observed. Paxilline is an inhibitor of MaxiKα, IP3R and SERCA.
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