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Mannose receptor targeting by mannosylated liposomes has been demonstrated for a variety of mannosylated lipid conjugates in a variety of liposome morphologies and compositions in several different in vitro and in vivo models. There are several publications using a hydrophobic derivative of mannose (4-aminophenyl α-D-mannopyranoside) rather than using a mannosylated lipid in clodronate liposomes. This is mainly due to the high cost and complexity of synthesizing and conjugating mannose to lipid. 4-aminophenyl α-D-mannopyranoside is commercially available and far less expensive than synthesizing mannose conjugated lipid.
Why mannose? Mannose is one of the carbohydrate components of many bacterial and viral cell surfaces; therefore, the ever-efficient, highly redundant immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms for identifying pathogens based on mannose recognition. The animal and plant kingdoms likewise utilize carbohydrate recognition signaling mechanisms including mannose residues. Many publications evaluate other carbohydrates as targeting mechanisms for various cell types, however mannose targeting to phagocytes appears to be one of the more specific mechanisms identified to date. Mammalian cell surface identification molecules based on mannose binding, such as the ICAM family of leukocyte adhesion molecules, target the SIGN family of mannose receptors to accomplish self-recognition in vivo.
A well-known and cited study by Umezawa & Eto [1] demonstrates that liposomes containing aminophenyl mannoside were most efficiently incorporated into the mouse brain across the blood brain barrier. The radiolabeled liposomes bearing aminophenyl
matriks/Shikari® (S-ATP) Anti-Pembrolizumab ELISA w/confirmation/PEM-QNS-KEY
intactgenomics/Methionine Auxotrophic LBA4404 | ig® | Intact Genomics/15x50μl/1076-15
goprolytix/Proteolytic Activation of Prothrombin/1 mg, 200 µg/BCT-DFP
novateinbio/Dynorphin A ( 13-17 ) Porcine Peptide/5mg/PE-54024_5mg
matriks/Shikari® (Q-ETA) Etanercept ELISA/ETA-FD-ENB
intactgenomics/Agrobacterium ElectroComponent Combo Pack | Intact Genomics/12x50µl/1290-24
Jackson/Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)/2.0 ml/115-035-003
Jackson/Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)/2.0 ml/111-035-003
Qubit™ dsDNA BR Assay Kit Q32853现货
Invitrogen Q32855 Qubit™ RNA HS Assay Kit现货促销
LUCK-1G,D-Luciferin, Potassium Salt 钾盐现货
GoldBio/D-Luciferin, Sodium Salt (Proven and Published™)/LUCNA-1G/1 g