详细信息:
Kitforthedetectionandquantificationofapoptosis(programmedcelldeath)atthesingle-celllevel,basedonlabelingofDNAstrandbreaks(TUNELtechnology):Analysisbyfluorescencemicroscopyorflowcytometry
Qualitativedetectionofapoptosisatthesingle-celllevelbyfluorescencemicroscopyandquantitativedetectionbyflowcytometry.
Samplematerial: CellsinsUSPension,cytospinandcellsmearpreparations,adherentcellsgrownonslides,andfrozenandparaffin-embeddedtissuesections.
WidelyusedmethodstodetermineapoptosisincludetheanalysisofthegenomicDNAbyagarose-gelelectrophoresisandDNAfragmentationassaysbasedon 3H-thymidineand,alternatively,5-Bromo-2-deoxy-uridine.Themethodsinvolvetheseparationoffragmented,lowmolecularweightDNAfromunfragmented,highmolecularweightDNAinagivencellpopulation.Thus,thesemethodsdonotprovideinformationaboutthefateofanindividualcellinagivencellpopulation,orparticularly,intissuesections.Alternatively,individualapoptoticcellsmaybemicroscopicallyrecognizedbecauseofthecharacteristicappearanceofnuclearchromatincondensationandfragmentation,butthismethodissubjectiveandlimitedtoarelativelynarrowtimewindowwhenthemorphologicalchangesareatamaximum.
ThehallmarkofapoptosisisDNAdegradation,whichinearlystages,isselectivetotheinternucleosomalDNAlinkerregions.TheDNAcleavagemayyielddouble-strandedandsingle-strandedDNAbreaks(nicks).Bothtypesofbreakscanbedetectedbylabelingthefree3-OHterminiwithmodifiednucleotides(e.g., biotin-dUTP,DIG-dUTP,fluorescein-dUTP)inanenzymaticreaction.Theenzymeterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)catalyzesthetemplate-independentpolymerizationofdeoxyribonucleotidestothe3-endofsingle-anddouble-strandedDNA.ThismethodhasalsobeentermedTUNEL(TdT-mediateddUTP-X nick end labeling).Alternatively,free3-OHgroupsmaybelabeledusingDNApolymerasesbythetemplate-dependentmechanismcallednicktranslation.However,theTUNELmethodisconsideredtobemoresensitiveandfaster.
The InSitu CellDeathDetectionKitFluorescein isbasedonthedetectionofsingle-anddouble-strandedDNAbreaksthatoccurattheearlystagesofapoptosis.
ApoptoticcellsarefixedandpermeABIlized.Subsequently,thecellsareincubatedwiththeTUNELreactionmixturethatcontainsTdTandfluorescein-dUTP.Duringthisincubationperiod,TdTcatalyzestheadditionoffluorescein-dUTPatfree3-OHgroupsinsingle-anddouble-strandedDNA.Afterwashing,thelabelincorporatedatthedamagedsitesoftheDNAisvisualizedbyflowcytometryand/orfluorescencemicroscopy.
Sensitive: Thedirectlabelingprocedureusingfluorescein-dUTPreducesbackgroundlabeling
Fast: Theuseoffluorescein-dUTPallowsanalysisofthesamplesdirectlyaftertheTUNELreaction
Convenient: Nosecondarydetectionsystemrequired
Accurate: Identificationofapoptosisatamolecularlevel(DNA-strandbreaks)andidentificationofcellsattheveryearlystagesofapoptosis
EnzymeSolution(TdT),5vials
LabelSolution(fluorescein-dUTP),5vials
SouthernBiotech/Goat Anti-Human Lambda-Alexa Fluor® 555/2070-32/1.0 mg
vectorlabs/Biotinylated Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)/B-1395/1 mg
vectorlabs/VECTASTAIN® Elite® ABC-HRP Kit (Peroxidase, Mouse IgG)/PK-6102/1 kit
vectorlabs/VECTASTAIN® Elite® ABC-HRP Kit (Peroxidase, Universal)/PK-6200/1 kit
vectorlabs/Unconjugated Musa Paradisiaca (Banana) Lectin (BanLec)/L-1410/5 mg
GiottoBiotech/Calmodulin N60D/5 mg/G02CLM60cn