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| Host Species: | Rabbit |
| Concentration: | 1 mg/ml (OD 1.35 / 280 nm) |
| Antigen: | Human Apolipoprotein CIII |
| Purification: | Affinity purified |
| Buffer: | 75 mM Sodium Phosphate, 75 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.02% NaN3, pH 7.2 |
| Specificity | Specifically binds to human apo CIII. Dilution for immunoblot and ELISA range: 1,000 to 40,000. |
| Use: | The antibody can be used for detection of apo CIII in plasma and lipoproteins, immunoassays, immunoblots, enzyme conjugation, or biotinylation. |
| Storage: | -20°C for long-term storage, 4°C for short- term storage. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. |
*These products are for research or manufacturing use only, not for use in human therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
Apo CIII contains 79 amino acid residues. The m.w. is 8.7 kDa (Brewer et al., 1974).
It may inhibit the activation of lipoprotein lipase by apo CIII. Apo CIII is a constituent of both apoB- and apoAI-containing lipoproteins in the circulation. Apo CIII plays a pivotal role in regulating the plasma metabolism of VLDL, IDL, and LDL, primarily by inhibiting receptor-mediated uptake of these lipoproteins by the liver (Sehayek and Eisenberg 1991, Aalto-Setala et al., 1992, Zheng et al., 2007)
Brewer, H. B., R. Shulman, P. Herbert, R. Ronan, and K. Wehrly. “The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein (apoC-3), and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins.” J Biol Chem 249.15 (1974):4975-84.
Sehayek , E. , and S. Eisenberg . “Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway.” J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) : 18259 – 18267 .
Aalto-Setala , K., E. A. Fisher , X. Chen , T. Chajek-Shaul , T. Hayek , R. Zechner , A. Walsh , R. Ramakrishnan , H. N. Ginsberg , and J. L. Breslow . “ Mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia in human apolipoprotein (apo) CIII transgenic mice. Diminished very low density lipoprotein fractional catabolic rate associated with increased apo CIII and reduced apo E on the particles.” J. Clin. Invest. 90 (1992): 1889 – 1900.
Zheng , C. , C. Khoo , K. Ikewaki , and F. M. Sacks . “ Rapid turnover of apolipoprotein C-III-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contributing to the formation of LDL subfractions.” J. Lipid Res. 48 (2007): 1190 -203.
| [A12][A13] | 2020 | Liu, Gang; Zhang, Bo; Hu, Yang; Rood, Jennifer; Liang, Liming; Qi, Lu et al. (2020): Associations of Perfluoroalkyl substances with blood lipids and Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein subspecies: the POUNDS-lost study. In Environmental Health : a global access science source 19 (1), p. 5. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0561-8. |
| [A12][A13] | 2020 | Du, Yu; Li, Xingxing; Su, Chunyan; Xi, Mei; Zhang, Xiumin; Jiang, Zhibo et al. (2020): Butyrate protects against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis via up-regulating ABCA1 expression in apolipoprotein E-deficiency mice. British Journal of Pharmacology 177 (8), pp. 1754–1772. DOI: 10.1111/bph.14933. |
| [A12][A13] | 2020 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Goodman, Matthew; Sun, Jiehuan; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L. et al. (2020): Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia. JAMA Network Open 3 (7), e209250. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9250. |
| [A12][A13] | 2020 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Goodman, Matthew; Sun, Jiehuan; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L. et al. (2020): High density lipoprotein and its apolipoprotein-defined subspecies and risk of dementia. J. Lipid Res. 61 (3), pp. 445–454. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P119000473. |
| [A12][A13] | 2020 | Lee, An-Sheng; Wang, Yu-Chen; Chang, Shih-Sheng; Lo, Ping-Hang; Chang, Chia-Ming; Lu, Jonathan et al. (2020): Detection of a High Ratio of Soluble to Membrane-Bound LOX-1 in Aspirated Coronary Thrombi From Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American Heart Association 9 (2), e014008. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014008. |
| [A12][A13] | 2019 | Kegulian, Natalie C.; Ramms, Bastian; Horton, Steven; Trenchevska, Olgica; Nedelkov, Dobrin; Graham, Mark J. et al. (2019): ApoC-III Glycoforms Are Differentially Cleared by Hepatic TRL (Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein) Receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 39 (10), pp. 2145–2156. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312723. |
| [A12][A13] | 2018 | Aroner, Sarah A.; Koch, Manja; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Stein, James H.; Tattersall, Matthew C. et al. (2018): High‐Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Defined by Apolipoprotein C‐III and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Measures: MESA (The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). In Journal of the American Heart Association 7 (6), p. 40. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007824. |
| [A12][A13] | 2018 | Furtado, Jeremy D.; Yamamoto, Rain; Melchior, John T.; Andraski, Allison B.; Gamez-Guerrero, Maria; Mulcahy, Patrick et al. (2018): Distinct Proteomic Signatures in 16 HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subspecies. In Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 38 (12), pp. 2827–2842. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311607. |
| [A12][A13] | 2018 | Kim, KyeongJin; Goldberg, Ira J.; Graham, Mark J.; Sundaram, Meenakshi; Bertaggia, Enrico; Lee, Samuel X. et al. (2018): γ-Secretase Inhibition Lowers Plasma Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins by Stabilizing the LDL Receptor. In Cell Metabolism 27 (4), 816-827.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.010. |
| [A12][A13] | 2018 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Lopez, Oscar L.; Kuller, Lewis H. et al. (2018): Apolipoproteins and Alzheimer"s pathophysiology. In Alzheimer"s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 10, pp. 545–553. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.001. |
| [A12][A13] | 2018 | Morton, Allyson M.; Koch, Manja; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Tjønneland, Anne; Overvad, Kim et al. (2018): Apolipoproteins E and CIII interact to regulate HDL metabolism and coronary heart disease risk. In JCI Insight 3 (4). DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98045. |
| [A12][A13] | 2017 | Koch, Manja; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Falk, Kim; Leypoldt, Frank; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; Jensen, Majken K. (2017): Apolipoproteins and their subspecies in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. In Alzheimer"s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 6, pp. 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.01.007. |
| [A12][A13] | 2017 | Lee, Chan Joo; Choi, Seungbum; Cheon, Dong Huey; Kim, Kyeong Yeon; Cheon, Eun Jeong; Ann, Soo-jin et al. (2017): Effect of two lipid-lowering strategies on high-density lipoprotein function and some HDL-related proteins: a randomized clinical trial. In Lipids Health Dis 16 (1), p. 49. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0433-6. |
| [A12][A13] | 2017 | Sundaram, Meenakshi; Curtis, Kaitlin R.; Amir Alipour, Mohsen; LeBlond, Nicholas D.; Margison, Kaitlyn D.; Yaworski, Rebecca A. et al. (2017): The apolipoprotein C-III (Gln38Lys) variant associated with human hypertriglyceridemia is a gain-of-function mutation. In Journal of Lipid Research 58 (11), pp. 2188–2196. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M077313. |
| [A12][A13] | 2017 | Wassef, Hanny; Bissonnette, Simon; Dufour, Robert; Davignon, Jean; Faraj, May (2017): Enrichment of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins with Apolipoprotein C-I Is Positively Associated with Their Delayed Plasma Clearance Independently of Other Transferable Apolipoproteins in Postmenopausal Overweight and Obese Women. In J. Nutr. 147 (5), pp. 754–762. DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.242750. |
| [A12][A13] | 2016 | Koska, Juraj; Yassine, Hussein; Trenchevska, Olgica; Sinari, Shripad; Schwenke, Dawn C.; Yen, Frances T. et al. (2016): Disialylated apolipoprotein C-III proteoform is associated with improved lipids in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. In Journal of Lipid Research 57 (5), pp. 894–905. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P064816. |
| [A12][A13] | 2015 | Trenchevska, Olgica; Schaab, Matthew R.; Nelson, Randall W.; Nedelkov, Dobrin (2015): Development of multiplex mass spectrometric immunoassay for detection and quantification of apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, C-III and their proteoforms. In Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 81, pp. 86–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.020. |
| [A12][A13] | 2015 | Yassine, Hussein N.; Trenchevska, Olgica; Ramrakhiani, Ambika; Parekh, Aarushi; Koska, Juraj; Walker, Ryan W. et al. (2015): The Association of Human Apolipoprotein C-III Sialylation Proteoforms with Plasma Triglycerides. In PLoS ONE 10 (12), e0144138. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144138. |
| [A12][A13] | 2014 | Lee, An-Sheng; Chen, Wei-Yu; Chan, Hua-Chen; Hsu, Jing-Fang; Shen, Ming-Yi; Chang, Chia-Ming et al. (2014): Gender disparity in LDL-induced cardiovascular damage and the protective role of estrogens against electronegative LDL. In Cardiovascular Diabetology 13, p. 64. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-64. |
| [A12][A13] | 2014 | Talayero, Beatriz; Wang, Liyun; Furtado, Jeremy; Carey, Vincent J.; Bray, George A.; Sacks, Frank M. (2014): Obesity favors apolipoprotein E- and C-III-containing high density lipoprotein subfractions associated with risk of heart disease. In J. Lipid Res. 55 (10), pp. 2167–2177. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M042333. |
| [A12][A13] | 2014 | Wang, Liyun; Sacks, Frank M.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Ricks, Madia; Courville, Amber B.; Sumner, Anne E. (2014): Racial differences between African-American and white women in insulin resistance and visceral adiposity are associated with differences in apoCIII containing apoAI and apoB lipoproteins. In Nutrition & Metabolism 11 (1), p. 56. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-56. |
| [A12][A13] | 2013 | Sumner, Anne E.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Courville, Amber B.; Ricks, Madia; Younger-Coleman, Novie; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Sacks, Frank M. (2013): ApoC-III and visceral adipose tissue contribute to paradoxically normal triglyceride levels in insulin-resistant African-American women. In Nutrition & Metabolism 10 (1), p. 73. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-73. |
| [A12][A13] | 2013 | Zheng, Chunyu; Azcutia, Veronica; Aikawa, Elena; Figueiredo, Jose-Luiz; Croce, Kevin; Sonoki, Hiroyuki et al. (2013): Statins suppress apolipoprotein CIII-induced vascular endothelial cell activation and monocyte adhesion. In European Heart Journal 34 (8), pp. 615–624. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs271. |
| [A12][A13] | 2012 | Jensen, Majken K.; Rimm, Eric B.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Sacks, Frank M. (2012): Apolipoprotein C-III as a Potential Modulator of the Association Between HDL-Cholesterol and Incident Coronary Heart Disease. In Journal of the American Heart Association 1 (2). DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.111.000232. |
| [A12][A13] | 2012 | Krauss, Ronald M.; Wojnooski, Kathleen; Orr, Joseph; Geaney, J. Casey; Pinto, Cathy Anne; Liu, Yang et al. (2012): Changes in lipoprotein subfraction concentration and composition in healthy individuals treated with the CETP inhibitor anacetrapib. In J. Lipid Res. 53 (3), pp. 540–547. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M018010. |
| [A12][A13] | 2012 | Wada, Yoshinao; Kadoya, Machiko; Okamoto, Nobuhiko (2012): Mass spectrometry of apolipoprotein C-III, a simple analytical method for mucin-type O-glycosylation and its application to an autosomal recessive cutis laxa type-2 (ARCL2) patient. In Glycobiology 22 (8), pp. 1140–1144. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws086. |
| [A12][A13] | 2011 | Holmberg, R.; Refai, E.; Hoog, A.; Crooke, R. M.; Graham, M.; Olivecrona, G. et al. (2011): Lowering apolipoprotein CIII delays onset of type 1 diabetes. In J. Biol. Chem. 108 (26), pp. 10685–10689. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019553108. |
| [A12][A13] | 2011 | Mendivil, Carlos O.; Rimm, Eric B.; Furtado, Jeremy; Chiuve, Stephanie E.; Sacks, Frank M. (2011): Low-density lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein C-III and the risk of coronary heart disease. In Circulation 124 (19), pp. 2065–2072. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.056986. |
| [A12][A13] | 2011 | Qin, Wen; Sundaram, Meenakshi; Wang, Yuwei; Zhou, Hu; Zhong, Shumei; Chang, Chia-Ching et al. (2011): Missense mutation in APOC3 within the C-terminal lipid binding domain of human ApoC-III results in impaired assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich very low density lipoproteins: evidence that ApoC-III plays a major role in the formation of lipid precursors within the microsomal lumen. In J. Biol. Chem. 286 (31), pp. 27769–27780. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.203679. |
| [A12][A13] | 2010 | Furtado, Jeremy D.; Campos, Hannia; Sumner, Anne E.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Carey, Vincent J.; Sacks, Frank M. (2010): Dietary interventions that lower lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein C-III are more effective in whites than in blacks: results of the OmniHeart trial. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (4), pp. 714–722. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28532. |
| [A12][A13] | 2010 | Jayanthi, S.; Buie, S.; Moore, S.; Herning, R. I.; Better, W.; Wilson, N. M. et al. (2010): Heavy marijuana users show increased serum apolipoprotein C-III levels: evidence from proteomic analyses. In Molecular Psychiatry 15 (1), pp. 101–112. DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.50; |
| [A12][A13] | 2010 | Sundaram, Meenakshi; Zhong, Shumei; Bou Khalil, Maroun; Zhou, Hu; Jiang, Zhenghui G.; Zhao, Yang et al. (2010): Functional analysis of the missense APOC3 mutation Ala23Thr associated with human hypotriglyceridemia. In J. Lipid Res. 51 (6), pp. 1524–1534. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M005108. |
| [A12][A13] | 2010 | Sundaram, Meenakshi; Zhong, Shumei; Khalil, Maroun Bou; Links, Philip H.; Zhao, Yang; Iqbal, Jahangir et al. (2010): Expression of apolipoprotein C-III in McA-RH7777 cells enhances VLDL assembly and secretion under lipid-rich conditions. In J. Lipid Res. 51 (1), pp. 150–161. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M900346-JLR200. |
| [A12][A13] | 2008 | Deng, Ting; Ji, Wei; Lian, Ji-Hong; Guo, Lei; Hu, Wei-Rong; Qian, Ming; Gong, Bang-qiang (2008): Identifying Natural Derived Upregulators of Human ApoA-I Expression via a Cell-Based Drug Screening System. In Pharmaceutical Biology 46 (9), pp. 610–615. DOI: 10.1080/13880200802179584. |
| [A12][A13] | 2008 | Furtado, Jeremy D.; Campos, Hannia; Appel, Lawrence J.; Miller, Edgar R.; Laranjo, Nancy; Carey, Vincent J.; Sacks, Frank M. (2008): Effect of protein, unsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes on plasma apolipoprotein B and VLDL and LDL containing apolipoprotein C-III: results from the OmniHeart Trial. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87 (6), pp. 1623–1630. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1623. |
| [A12][A13] | 2008 | Ruiz-Narváez, Edward A.; Sacks, Frank M.; Campos, Hannia (2008): Abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia mask the effect of a common APOC3 haplotype on the risk of myocardial infarction. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87 (6), pp. 1932–1938. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1932. |
| [A12][A13] | 2007 | Kawakami, Akio; Aikawa, Masanori; Nitta, Noriko; Yoshida, Masayuki; Libby, Peter; Sacks, Frank M. (2007): Apolipoprotein CIII-induced THP-1 cell adhesion to endothelial cells involves pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein- and protein kinase C alpha-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB activation. In Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27 (1), pp. 219–225. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000249620.68705.0d. |
| [A12][A13] | 2007 | Gaubatz, John W.; Gillard, Baiba K.; Massey, John B.; Hoogeveen, Ron C.; Huang, Max; Lloyd, Eric E. et al. (2007): Dynamics of dense electronegative low density lipoproteins and their preferential association with lipoprotein phospholipase A(2). In J. Lipid Res. 48 (2), pp. 348–357. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M600249-JLR200. |
| [A12][A13] | 2006 | Guo, Lei; Hu, Wei-Rong; Lian, Ji-Hong; Ji, Wei; Deng, Ting; Qian, Ming; Gong, Bang-qiang (2006): Anti-hyperlipidemic properties of CM108 (a flavone derivative) in vitro and in vivo. In European Journal of Pharmacology 551 (1-3), pp. 80–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.048. |
| [A12][A13] | 2006 | Kawakami, Akio; Aikawa, Masanori; Alcaide, Pilar; Luscinskas, Francis W.; Libby, Peter; Sacks, Frank M. (2006): Apolipoprotein CIII induces expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular endothelial cells and increases adhesion of monocytic cells. In Circulation 114 (7), pp. 681–687. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.622514. |
| [A12][A13] | 2006 | Kawakami, Akio; Aikawa, Masanori; Libby, Peter; Alcaide, Pilar; Luscinskas, Francis W.; Sacks, Frank M. (2006): Apolipoprotein CIII in apolipoprotein B lipoproteins enhances the adhesion of human monocytic cells to endothelial cells. In Circulation 113 (5), pp. 691–700. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591743. |
| [A12][A13] | 2006 | Schaap, Frank G.; Nierman, Melchior C.; Berbée, Jimmy F. P.; Hattori, Hiroaki; Talmud, Philippa J.; Vaessen, Stefan F. C. et al. (2006): Evidence for a complex relationship between apoA-V and apoC-III in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. In J. Lipid Res. 47 (10), pp. 2333–2339. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M500533-JLR200. |
| [A12][A13] | 2005 | Nedelkov, Dobrin; Kiernan, Urban A.; Niederkofler, Eric E.; Tubbs, Kemmons A.; Nelson, Randall W. (2005): Investigating diversity in human plasma proteins. In Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (31), pp. 10852–10857. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500426102. |
| [A12][A13] | 2004 | Juntti-Berggren, Lisa; Refai, Essam; Appelskog, Ioulia; Andersson, Mats; Imreh, Gabriela; Dekki, Nancy et al. (2004): Apolipoprotein CIII promotes Ca2+-dependent beta cell death in type 1 diabetes. In Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (27), pp. 10090–10094. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403551101. |
| [A12][A13] | 2003 | Malek, Goldis; Li, Chuan-Ming; Guidry, Clyde; Medeiros, Nancy E.; Curcio, Christine A. (2003): Apolipoprotein B in Cholesterol-Containing Drusen and Basal Deposits of Human Eyes with Age-Related Maculopathy. In The American Journal of Pathology 162 (2), pp. 413–425. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63836-9. |
| [A12][A13] | 2003 | Yang, Chao-Yuh; Raya, Joe L.; Chen, Hsin-Hung; Chen, Chu-Huang; Abe, Yasunori; Pownall, Henry J. et al. (2003): Isolation, characterization, and functional assessment of oxidatively modified subfractions of circulating low-density lipoproteins. In Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 23 (6), pp. 1083–1090. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000071350.78872.C4. |
| [A12][A13] | 2001 | Deeg, M. A.; Bierman, E. L.; Cheung, M. C. (2001): GPI-specific phospholipase D associates with an apoA-I- and apoA-IV-containing complex. In J. Lipid Res. 42 (3), pp. 442–451. |
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