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| Host Species: | Goat |
| Concentration: | 1 mg/ml (OD 1.35 / 280 nm) |
| Antigen: | Human Apolipoprotein E |
| Purification: | Affinity purified |
| Buffer: | 75 mM Sodium Phosphate, 75 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.02% NaN3, pH 7.2 |
| Specificity | Specifically binds to human apo E. Dilution for immunoblot and ELISA range: 1,000 to 8,0000. |
| Use: | The antibody can be used for detection of apo E in plasma and lipoproteins, immunoassays, immunoblots, enzyme conjugation, or biotinylation. |
| Storage: | -20°C for long-term storage, 4°C for short- term storage. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. |
*These products are for research or manufacturing use only, not for use in human therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
Apo E contains 299 amino acid residues. It is a 34-37 kDa glycosylated protein (Rall et al., 1983).
Apo E is involved with triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesteryl ester, and cholesterol transport in and out of cells and is a ligand for LDL receptors. Apo E has also been implicated in immune and nerve degeneration. It has been found to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease patients have been found to have a higher occurrence of one of the three common Apo E isoforms, Apo E4. The Apo E4 isoform has been detected in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease patients. Apo E4 is associated with rapid chylomicron-remnant clearance and increased total cholesterol levels.
Rall, S C, K H Weisgraber, T L Innerarity, T P Bersot, R W Mahley, and C B Blum. "Identification of a New Structural Variant of Human Apolipoprotein E, E2(Lys146 Leads to Gln), in a Type III Hyperlipoproteinemic Subject with the E3/2 Phenotype." Journal of Clinical Investigation 72.4 (1983): 1288-297.
| [A14] | 2020 | Liu, Gang; Zhang, Bo; Hu, Yang; Rood, Jennifer; Liang, Liming; Qi, Lu et al. (2020): Associations of Perfluoroalkyl substances with blood lipids and Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein subspecies: the POUNDS-lost study. In Environmental Health: a global access science source 19 (1), p. 5. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0561-8. |
| [A14] | 2020 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Goodman, Matthew; Sun, Jiehuan; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L. et al. (2020): Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia. JAMA Network Open 3 (7), e209250. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9250. |
| [A14] | 2020 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Goodman, Matthew; Sun, Jiehuan; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L. et al. (2020): High density lipoprotein and its apolipoprotein-defined subspecies and risk of dementia. J. Lipid Res. 61 (3), pp. 445–454. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P119000473. |
| [A14] | 2019 | Morton, Allyson M.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Sacks, Frank M. (2019): Dietary unsaturated fat increases HDL metabolic pathways involving apoE favorable to reverse cholesterol transport. JCI Insight 4 (7). DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124620. |
| [A14] | 2019 | Rawat, Varun; Wang, Shaowei; Sima, Jian; Bar, Roni; Liraz, Ori; Gundimeda, Usha et al. (2019): ApoE4 Alters ABCA1 Membrane Trafficking in Astrocytes. The Journal of Neuroscience 39 (48), pp. 9611–9622. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1400-19.2019. |
| [A14] | 2018 | Koch, Manja; DeKosky, Steven T.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Lopez, Oscar L.; Kuller, Lewis H. et al. (2018): Apolipoproteins and Alzheimer"s pathophysiology. In Alzheimer"s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 10, pp. 545–553. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.001. |
| [A14] | 2018 | Morton, Allyson M.; Koch, Manja; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Tjønneland, Anne; Overvad, Kim et al. (2018): Apolipoproteins E and CIII interact to regulate HDL metabolism and coronary heart disease risk. In JCI Insight 3 (4). DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98045. |
| [A14] | 2017 | Gillard, Baiba K.; Bassett, G. Randall; Gotto, Antonio M.; Rosales, Corina; Pownall, Henry J. (2017): Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) profoundly excludes high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein AII as it nibbles HDL-cholesteryl ester. In J. Biol. Chem. 292 (21), pp. 8864–8873. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.781963. |
| [A14] | 2017 | Ikeda, Toru; Shinohata, Ryoko; Murakami, Masaaki; Hina, Kazuyoshi; Kamikawa, Shigeshi; Hirohata, Satoshi et al. (2017): A rapid and precise method for measuring plasma apoE-rich HDL using polyethylene glycol and cation-exchange chromatography: a pilot study on the clinical significance of apoE-rich HDL measurements. In Clinica Chimica Acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 465, pp. 112–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.016. |
| [A14] | 2017 | Koch, Manja; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Falk, Kim; Leypoldt, Frank; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; Jensen, Majken K. (2017): Apolipoproteins and their subspecies in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. In Alzheimer"s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 6, pp. 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.01.007. |
| [A14] | 2017 | Wassef, Hanny; Bissonnette, Simon; Dufour, Robert; Davignon, Jean; Faraj, May (2017): Enrichment of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins with Apolipoprotein C-I Is Positively Associated with Their Delayed Plasma Clearance Independently of Other Transferable Apolipoproteins in Postmenopausal Overweight and Obese Women. In J. Nutr. 147 (5), pp. 754–762. DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.242750. |
| [A14] | 2016 | Ma, Weilie; Lin, Margarita; Ding, Hang; Lin, Guorong; Zhang, Zhizhen (2016): β-COP as a Component of Transport Vesicles for HDL Apolipoprotein-Mediated Cholesterol Exocytosis. In PloS one 11 (3), e0151767. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151767. |
| [A14] | 2016 | Yassine, Hussein N.; Feng, Qingru; Chiang, Jiarong; Petrosspour, Larissa M.; Fonteh, Alfred N.; Chui, Helena C.; Harrington, Michael G. (2016): ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity to Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Reduced in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer"s Disease. In Journal of the American Heart Association 5 (2). DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002886. |
| [A14] | 2015 | Nakato, Mitsuhiro; Matsuo, Michinori; Kono, Nozomu; Arita, Makoto; Arai, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Jun et al. (2015): Neurite outgrowth stimulation by n-3 and n-6 PUFAs of phospholipids in apoE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glial cells. In J. Lipid Res. 56 (10), pp. 1880–1890. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M058164. |
| [A14] | 2015 | Woltjer, Randall L.; Reese, Lindsay C.; Richardson, Brian E.; Tran, Huong; Green, Sarah; Pham, Thao et al. (2015): Pallidal neuronal apolipoprotein E in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration recapitulates ischemic injury to the globus pallidus. In Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 116 (4), pp. 289–297. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.012. |
| [A14] | 2014 | Miyazaki, Akari; Sagae, Nozomi; Usami, Yoko; Sato, Megumi; Kameda, Takahiro; Yoshimoto, Akira et al. (2014): N-homocysteinylation of apolipoprotein A-I impairs the protein’s antioxidant ability but not its cholesterol efflux capacity. In Biological Chemistry 395 (6). DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0262. |
| [A14] | 2014 | Talayero, Beatriz; Wang, Liyun; Furtado, Jeremy; Carey, Vincent J.; Bray, George A.; Sacks, Frank M. (2014): Obesity favors apolipoprotein E- and C-III-containing high density lipoprotein subfractions associated with risk of heart disease. In J. Lipid Res. 55 (10), pp. 2167–2177. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M042333. |
| [A14] | 2013 | Bissonnette, Simon; Salem, Huda; Wassef, Hanny; Saint-Pierre, Nathalie; Tardif, Annie; Baass, Alexis et al. (2013): Low density lipoprotein delays clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein by human subcutaneous adipose tissue. In J. Lipid Res. 54 (5), pp. 1466–1476. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P023176. |
| [A14] | 2013 | Sumner, Anne E.; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Courville, Amber B.; Ricks, Madia; Younger-Coleman, Novie; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Sacks, Frank M. (2013): ApoC-III and visceral adipose tissue contribute to paradoxically normal triglyceride levels in insulin-resistant African-American women. In Nutrition & Metabolism 10 (1), p. 73. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-73. |
| [A14] | 2013 | Ulrich, Jason D.; Burchett, Jack M.; Restivo, Jessica L.; Schuler, Dorothy R.; Verghese, Philip B.; Mahan, Thomas E. et al. (2013): In vivo measurement of apolipoprotein E from the brain interstitial fluid using microdialysis. In Molecular Neurodegeneration 8, p. 13. DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-13. |
| [A14] | 2011 | Evans, Vanessa C.; Graham, Ian R.; Athanasopoulos, Takis; Galley, Deborah J.; Jackson, Christopher L.; Simons, Jonathan Paul et al. (2011): Adeno-associated virus serotypes 7 and 8 outperform serotype 9 in expressing atheroprotective human apoE3 from mouse skeletal muscle. In Metabolism: clinical and experimental 60 (4), pp. 491–498. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.015. |
| [A14] | 2011 | Kim, J.; Jiang, H.; Park, S.; Eltorai, A. E. M.; Stewart, F. R.; Yoon, H. et al. (2011): Haploinsufficiency of Human APOE Reduces Amyloid Deposition in a Mouse Model of Amyloid- Amyloidosis. In Journal of Neuroscience 31 (49), pp. 18007–18012. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3773-11.2011. |
| [A14] | 2011 | Zhao, Wentao; Du, Fen; Zhang, Michelle; Sun, Shengfang; Yu, Hong; Fan, Daping (2011): A new recombinant human apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide with high-density lipoprotein binding and function enhancing activity. In Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 236 (12), pp. 1468–1476. DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011169. |
| [A14] | 2010 | Furtado, Jeremy D.; Campos, Hannia; Sumner, Anne E.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Carey, Vincent J.; Sacks, Frank M. (2010): Dietary interventions that lower lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein C-III are more effective in whites than in blacks: results of the OmniHeart trial. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92 (4), pp. 714–722. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28532. |
| [A14] | 2010 | Sundaram, Meenakshi; Zhong, Shumei; Khalil, Maroun Bou; Links, Philip H.; Zhao, Yang; Iqbal, Jahangir et al. (2010): Expression of apolipoprotein C-III in McA-RH7777 cells enhances VLDL assembly and secretion under lipid-rich conditions. In J. Lipid Res. 51 (1), pp. 150–161. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M900346-JLR200. |
| [A14] | 2009 | Benyamini, Payam; Webster, Paul; Meyer, David I. (2009): Knockdown of p180 eliminates the terminal differentiation of a secretory cell line. In Molecular Biology of the Cell 20 (2), pp. 732–744. DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E08-07-0682. |
| [A14] | 2009 | Carmel, Jean-François; Tarnus, Evelyne; Cohn, Jeffrey S.; Bourdon, Emmanuel; Davignon, Jean; Bernier, Lise (2009): High expression of apolipoprotein E impairs lipid storage and promotes cell proliferation in human adipocytes. In J. Cell. Biochem. 106 (4), pp. 608–617. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22037. |
| [A14] | 2009 | Korwek, Kimberly M.; Trotter, Justin H.; Ladu, Mary Jo; Sullivan, Patrick M.; Weeber, Edwin J. (2009): ApoE isoform-dependent changes in hippocampal synaptic function. In Molecular Neurodegeneration 4, p. 21. DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-21. |
| [A14] | 2009 | Osman, Eyman; Evans, Vanessa; Graham, Ian R.; Athanasopoulos, Takis; McIntosh, Jenny; Nathwani, Amit C. et al. (2009): Preliminary evaluation of a self-complementary AAV2/8 vector for hepatic gene transfer of human apoE3 to inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development in apoE-deficient mice. In Atherosclerosis 204 (1), pp. 121–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.043. |
| [A14] | 2009 | Tarnus, Evelyne; Wassef, Hanny; Carmel, Jean-François; Rondeau, Philippe; Roche, Marjolaine; Davignon, Jean et al. (2009): Apolipoprotein E limits oxidative stress-induced cell dysfunctions in human adipocytes. In FEBS Letters 583 (12), pp. 2042–2048. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.016. |
| [A14] | 2008 | Furtado, Jeremy D.; Campos, Hannia; Appel, Lawrence J.; Miller, Edgar R.; Laranjo, Nancy; Carey, Vincent J.; Sacks, Frank M. (2008): Effect of protein, unsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes on plasma apolipoprotein B and VLDL and LDL containing apolipoprotein C-III: results from the OmniHeart Trial. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87 (6), pp. 1623–1630. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1623. |
| [A14] | 2008 | Zeitouni, Suzanne; Ford, Brian S.; Harris, Sean M.; Whitney, Mandolin J.; Gregory, Carl A.; Prockop, Darwin J. (2008): Pharmaceutical induction of ApoE secretion by multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In BMC Biotechnol 8 (1), p. 75. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-75. |
| [A14] | 2008 | Zheng, Chunyu; Khoo, Christina; Furtado, Jeremy; Ikewaki, Katsunori; Sacks, Frank M. (2008): Dietary monounsaturated fat activates metabolic pathways for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that involve apolipoproteins E and C-III. In The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88 (2), pp. 272–281. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.272. |
| [A14] | 2007 | Fan, Daping; Qiu, Shenfeng; Overton, Cheryl D.; Yancey, Patricia G.; Swift, Larry L.; Jerome, W. Gray et al. (2007): Impaired secretion of apolipoprotein E2 from macrophages. In J. Biol. Chem. 282 (18), pp. 13746–13753. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M611754200. |
| [A14] | 2006 | Kawakami, Akio; Aikawa, Masanori; Libby, Peter; Alcaide, Pilar; Luscinskas, Francis W.; Sacks, Frank M. (2006): Apolipoprotein CIII in apolipoprotein B lipoproteins enhances the adhesion of human monocytic cells to endothelial cells. In Circulation 113 (5), pp. 691–700. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591743. |
| [A14] | 2005 | Nedelkov, Dobrin; Kiernan, Urban A.; Niederkofler, Eric E.; Tubbs, Kemmons A.; Nelson, Randall W. (2005): Investigating diversity in human plasma proteins. In Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (31), pp. 10852–10857. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500426102. |
| [A14] | 2003 | Niederkofler, Eric E.; Tubbs, Kemmons A.; Kiernan, Urban A.; Nedelkov, Dobrin; Nelson, Randall W. (2003): Novel mass spectrometric immunoassays for the rapid structural characterization of plasma apolipoproteins. In J. Lipid Res. 44 (3), pp. 630–639. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.D200034-JLR200. |
| [A14] | 2003 | Takahashi, Y.; Itoh, F.; Oohashi, T.; Miyamoto, T. (2003): Distribution of apolipoprotein E among lipoprotein fractions in the lactating cow. In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 136 (4), pp. 905–912. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.09.004. |
| [A14] | 2003 | Yang, Chao-Yuh; Raya, Joe L.; Chen, Hsin-Hung; Chen, Chu-Huang; Abe, Yasunori; Pownall, Henry J. et al. (2003): Isolation, characterization, and functional assessment of oxidatively modified subfractions of circulating low-density lipoproteins. In Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 23 (6), pp. 1083–1090. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000071350.78872.C4. |
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