1. serum preptin levels in women decrease after menopause and have a positive correlation with estradiol, femoral and total hip bone mineral density. PMID: 29134283
2. Analysis of patient serum samples showed that concurrent elevation of insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for oesophageal cancer. PMID: 28186102
3. Our results revealed that IGF-II promotes cell proliferation and EMT in HCC cells. PMID: 29970663
4. Serum preptin levels were significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with controls. PMID: 29374985
5. infants with intrauterine growth restriction had higher serum levels of IGF2 if they had the A/G genotype at the ApaI restriction fragment length polymorphism and higher values of IGF2R if they had the A/A genotype PMID: 28460554
6. Upregulation of IGF-II expression is associated with ovarian cancer. PMID: 28829218
7. Data suggest that high IGF2 DMR methylation status would be a phenomenon that is observed with the progression of gastric cancer (GC) toward more aggressive features, supporting their potential utility as a biomarker in GC patients. PMID: 28871451
8. Data suggest that expression of CDKN1C and IGF2 is significantly up-regulated in placenta after assisted reproductive technology; DNA methylation was significantly down-regulated in DMR of CDKN1C and up-regulated in DMR of IGF2. (CDKN1C = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1C; IGF2 = insulin like growth factor 2; DMR = differential methylation regions) PMID: 29277274
9. The expression of miR-3941 was significantly down-regulated in acute pneumonia; IGF2 was confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-3941. PMID: 29328418
10. Our data reveal that vigilin is essential for maintenance of imprinting of IGF2 gene via functional interaction between KH1-7 domains of vigilin and zinc-finger domains of CTCF. PMID: 29157910
11. Low IGF-II serum levels were associated with Pancreatic Cancer. PMID: 28681154
12. Rapamycin-independent IGF2 expression in Tsc2-null mouse embryo fibroblasts and human lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. PMID: 29758070
13. IGF2 rs680 polymorphism may have a role in endurance among Israeli athletes PMID: 29107196
14. low methylation of the Igf2 gene promoter region may promote the expression of Igf2 and miR4835p; this, in turn, induces the degradation of miR4835p target genes, and leads to the upregulation of oncogenes and the downregulation of tumor suppressors, which promotes the development of ESCC. PMID: 29207103
15. Results found IGF2 as a direct target gene of miR615 and restoring its expression reverses the inhibitory effects of miR615 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell motility. PMID: 29115555
16. A common indel variant in the 3"UTR of the IGF2 gene was associated with the risk of impaired renal function in an elderly population. PMID: 29889555
17. High molecular weight IGF-2 was associated with hypoglycemia in Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 24711554
18. Impairment of IGF2 gene expression in prostate cancer is triggered by epigenetic dysregulation of IGF2-DMR0 and its interaction with KLF4 PMID: 29017567
19. HMGA1P7 mRNA sustains the H19 and Igf2 overexpression by acting as miRNA decoy. PMID: 27874091
20. Data suggest that blocking insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a potential therapeutic mechanism for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PMID: 29413895
21. IGF2 expression varies among mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, amnion, endometrium, and Wharton"s jelly during culture period. PMID: 28629288
22. Results showed that IGF-2 was persistently expressed in oculomotor neurons in health and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. PMID: 27180807
23. Studies indicate that miR-663b is epigenetically repressed by long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and exerts its tumor-suppressive function via targeting insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in pancreatic cancer. PMID: 27895308
24. IGF-II-mediated loss of E-cadherin is central in developing hepatomegaly in mice and abnormal cell growth in the hepatoma cell line PMID: 27486970
25. Aberrant IGF2 imprinting may be an intrinsic epigenetic control mechanism that enhances stemness, self-renewal and chemo/radiotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells. PMID: 27275535
26. DNMT1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 is a novel mechanism of resistance to HDIs, highlighting the role of epigenetic deregulation of IGF2 in HDI resistance and the potential value of the H19/IGF2 ICR hypermethylation and DNMT1 expression as predictive biomarkers in HDI-based anticancer therapies. PMID: 27582487
27. Human H19/Igf2 imprinting control regions can functionally replace mouse H19/Igf2 imprinting control regions on the maternal allele. PMID: 27621468
28. IGF2 may exert its oncofunction, at least partly, through its parasitic miR-483 which suppressed DLC-1 in colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 27366946
29. We report here the first deletions of ICR1 associated with hypomethylation of the IGF2/H19 domain leading to SRS. PMID: 27701793
30. Methylation patterns of IGF2 regulatory regions can discriminate adrenocortical carcinomas from adrenocortical adenomas with high diagnostic accuracy. PMID: 27535174
31. IGF-II siRNA inactivates the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and further reduces cell proliferation, N-ras and C-myc levels in SMMC-7721 cells. PMID: 27768959
32. Study shows impact of folic acid intake during pregnancy on genomic imprinting of IGF2/H19 and 1-carbon metabolism PMID: 28778973
33. produced by pericentral hepatocytes to promote hepatocyte proliferation and repair tissue damage in the setting of chronic liver injury PMID: 28653763
34. These findings suggest that reducing IGF2 isoform 2 expression in relevant tissues has potential as a new therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes, even beyond the Latin American population, with no major adverse effects on health or reproduction. PMID: 28838971
35. this is the first report of IGF2/H19 domain triplication associated with BWS or SRS and the second report of a maternal amplification of this region in a patient with clinical features of SRS. This study further supports the hypotheses that the amplification of the H19/IGF2 region on the maternal chromosome can lead to an SRS phenotype. PMID: 27612309
36. stroma-induced IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression in a paracrine and autocrine manner and propose IGF2 as potential target for tumor stroma cotargeting strategies. PMID: 28534511
37. We identified vascular INSR expression as a potential biomarker for progression in bladder cancer. The data suggest that IGF-2/INSR mediated paracrine crosstalk between bladder cancer cells and endothelial cells is functionally involved in tumour angiogenesis and may thus represent a new therapeutic target. PMID: 28295307
38. Methylation of IGF2AS is altered 20 years after preterm birth at VLBW. Altered methylation may be a mechanism of later increased disease risk but more data are needed to indicate causality PMID: 23840686
39. Prenatal "unhealthy diet" was positively associated with IGF2 methylation at birth, and with ADHD and conduct disorder. PMID: 27535767
40. High IGF2 expression is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 27546618
41. IGF2 and insulin receptor A are important for uterine leiomyoma stem cell proliferation and may represent paracrine signaling between leiomyoma cell types. PMID: 28324020
42. IGF2 overexpression is associated with cancer. PMID: 27869826
43. Long non-coding RNA 91H is overexpressed in breast cancer and 91H-induced epigenetic modifications on H19/IGF2 locus suggest that 91H may play essential role in breast cancer development. PMID: 27780718
44. our results suggest that IGF2 via AKT1 contributes to non-canonical wnt signaling. PMID: 26984550
45. Elevated insulin-like growth factor 2 expression is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PMID: 27650505
46. Here we present IGF2, which is re-expressed through epigenetic mechanisms, as the first actionable validated epi-driver in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27614046
47. results demonstrate that the H19-Igf2 axis is negatively regulated by CTCF-PHB1 cooperation and that H19 is involved in modulating the growth-suppressive effect of PHB1 in the liver. PMID: 27687727
48. Compared with obstructive azoospermia (OA) as normal control, our results suggest that miR-210 was significantly up-regulated in testis of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (P<0.05), and="" igf2="" was="" down-regulated,="" but="" without="" a="" significant="" difference.="">PMID: 27535712
49. The identification of the INS-IGF2 read-through transcript specifically in tumor tissue but not in normal pancreatic tissue suggests that high expression of INS-IGF2 could be neoplasiaspecific PMID: 27667266
50. DNA methylation of imprinted loci of IGF2 is not affected in Parkinson"s disease patients. PMID: 28081695

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HGNC: 5466

OMIM: 147470

KEGG: hsa:3481

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000391826

UniGene: Hs.272259