In Situ Cell Death fluorescein

InSituCellDeathDetectionKit,Fluorescein/细胞凋亡TUNEL-FITC
Application
Qualitativedetectionofapoptosisatthesingle-celllevelbyfluorescencemicroscopyandquantitativedetectionbyflowcytometry. 
Benefits
•Sensitive:Thedirectlabelingprocedureusingfluorescein-dUTPreducesbackgroundlabeling
•Fast:Theuseoffluorescein-dUTPallowsanalysisofthesamplesdirectlyaftertheTUNELreaction
•Convenient:Nosecondarydetectionsystemrequired
•Accurate:Identificationofapoptosisatamolecularlevel(DNA-strandbreaks)andidentificationofcellsattheveryearlystagesofapoptosis
ProductDescription
Samplematerial:CellsinsUSPension,cytospinandcellsmearpreparations,adherentcellsgrownonslides,andfrozenandparaffin-embeddedtissuesections. 
BackgroundInformation
WidelyusedmethodstodetermineapoptosisincludetheanalysisofthegenomicDNAbyagarose-gelelectrophoresisandDNAfragmentationassaysbasedon3H-thymidineand,alternatively,5-Bromo-2"-deoxy-uridine.Themethodsinvolvetheseparationoffragmented,lowmolecularweightDNAfromunfragmented,highmolecularweightDNAinagivencellpopulation.Thus,thesemethodsdonotprovideinformationaboutthefateofanindividualcellinagivencellpopulation,orparticularly,intissuesections.Alternatively,individualapoptoticcellsmaybemicroscopicallyrecognizedbecauseofthecharacteristicappearanceofnuclearchromatincondensationandfragmentation,butthismethodissubjectiveandlimitedtoarelativelynarrowtimewindowwhenthemorphologicalchangesareatamaximum.
ThehallmarkofapoptosisisDNAdegradation,whichinearlystages,isselectivetotheinternucleosomalDNAlinkerregions.TheDNAcleavagemayyielddouble-strandedandsingle-strandedDNAbreaks(nicks).Bothtypesofbreakscanbedetectedbylabelingthefree3"-OHterminiwithmodifiednucleotides(e.g.,biotin-dUTP,DIG-dUTP,fluorescein-dUTP)inanenzymaticreaction.Theenzymeterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)catalyzesthetemplate-independentpolymerizationofdeoxyribonucleotidestothe3"-endofsingle-anddouble-strandedDNA.ThismethodhasalsobeentermedTUNEL(TdT-mediateddUTP-Xnickendlabeling).Alternatively,free3"-OHgroupsmaybelabeledusingDNApolymerasesbythetemplate-dependentmechanismcallednicktranslation.However,theTUNELmethodisconsideredtobemoresensitiveandfaster. 
Contents
1.EnzymeSolution(TdT),5vials
2.LabelSolution(fluorescein-dUTP),5vials