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EGFwasoriginallydiscoveredincrudepreparationsofnervegrowthfactorpreparedfrommousesubmaxillaryglandsasanactivitythatinducedearlyeyelidopening,incisoreruption,hairgrowthinhibition,andstuntingofgrowthwheninjectedintonewbornmice.HumanEGFwasisolatedfromurinebasedonitsinhibitoryeffectongastricsecretionandnamedurogastrone,accordingly.EGFisprototypicofafamilyofgrowthfactorsthatarederivedfrommembrane-anchoredprecursors.AllmembersofthisfamilyarecharacterizedbythepresenceofatleastoneEGFstructuralunit(definedbythepresenceofaconserved6cysteinemotifthatformsthreedisulfidebonds)intheirextracellulardomain.EGFisinitiallysynthesizedasa130kDaprecursortransmembraneproteincontaining9EGFunits.ThematuresolubleEGFsequencecorrespondstotheEGFunitlocatedproximaltothetransmembranedomain.ThemembraneEGFprecursoriscapableofbindingtotheEGFreceptorandwasreportedtobebiologicallyactive.
AwidevarietyofbiologicaleffectshavebeenascribedtoEGFandothermembersoftheEGFfamily.ThebestdocumentedactivityofEGFisitsabilitytopromoteproliferationanddifferentiationofmesenchymalandepithelialcells.EGFisamitogenforfibroblasts,epithelialandendothelialcells,andpromotescolonyformationofepidermalcellsinculture.EGFinducesepithelialdevelopment,promotesangiogenesis,andinhibitsgastricacidsecretion.
Reference:
ADNAsequenceencodingthematurehumanEGFprotein(Accession#P01133;Bell,G.I.etal.,1986,NucleicAcidsRes.14(21):8427-8446)wasexpressedinE.coli.