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| ProductDetails | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)fromE.coliO8:K27,S-type(smooth/wild-type)LPS |
| ProductType | Chemical |
| Properties | |
| Source/HostChemicals | IsolatedandpurifiedfromE.coliO8:K27. |
| PurityChemicals | ≥99.9%.NodetectableDNA,RNAandproteintraces. |
| Formulation | Liquid.Colourlessclearaqueoussolution. |
| Concentration | 1mg/mlstabilisedinsterile,double-distilledwater(ddWater),withoutanyadditives. |
| BiologicalActivity | Optimalconcentrationisdependentuponcelltype,species,desiredactivationandanalysis:0.01-1.0μg/ml.DoesnotactivateanyTLRotherthanTLR4astestedupto50μg/mlinrelevantcellularsystems(macrophages). |
| Declaration | ManufacturedbyInnaxon. |
| OtherProductData | TLRpure™:•QualifiedPurity&Activity•HighpotencyTLR4-specificLigands•Ultrapure(nodetectableprotein,RNAandDNA)•TestedonTLR4KOmurinemacrophages•StandardisedAqueousSterileSolutions•Nopurificationorhazardoussolubilisation•Excellentlot-to-lotconsistency |
| ShippingandHandling | |
| Shipping | AMBIENT |
| ShortTermStorage | +4°C |
| LongTermStorage | +4°C |
| HandlingAdvice | Donotfreeze. PreparedilutedLPSworkingsolutionsjustpriortouse,keepsterile.Ready-madesolutioniscellculture-grade. Toyielda100μg/ml(1,000-100x)stocksolutionadd100μlofLPSto900μlendotoxin-freeandsterileddWater(Cat.No.:IAX-900-002),0.9%NaClSolution(Cat.No.:IAX-900-003)orPBS(Cat.No.:IAX-900-001)andmixwell. |
| Use/Stability | Stableforatleast2yearsafterreceiptwhenstoredat+4°C. |
| Documents | |
| MSDS |  DownloadPDF |
| ProductSpecificationSheet | |
| Datasheet | DownloadPDF |
ActivationofcellsbyLPSismediatedbytheToll-likereceptor4(TLR4).ForoptimalinteractionwithLPS,TLR4requiresassociationwithmyeloiddifferentiationprotein2(MD-2).AccordingtocurrentconsensusactivationofTLR4isprecededbythetransferofLPStomembrane-bound(m)orsoluble(s)CD14byLPS-bindingprotein(LBP).Re-formLPSandlipidA,butnotS-formLPS,arecapableofinducingTNF-αresponsesalsointheabsenceofCD14.LPS,synthesizedbymostwild-type(WT)Gram-negativebacteria(S-formLPS),consistsofthreeregions,theO-polysaccharidechain,whichismadeupofrepeatingoligosaccharideunits,thecoreoligosaccharideandthelipidA,whichharborstheendotoxicactivityoftheentiremolecule.R-formLPSsynthesizedbytheso-calledrough(R)mutantsofGram-negativebacterialackstheO-specificchain.Furthermore,thecore-oligosaccharidemaybepresentindifferentdegreesofcompletion,dependingontheclass(RatoRe)towhichthemutantbelongs.LPSareamphipathicmoleculeswhosehydrophobicitydecreaseswithincreasinglengthofthesugarpart.Baseduponthesedifferences,S-andR-formLPSshowmarkeddifferencesinthekineticsoftheirbloodclearanceandcellularuptakeaswellasintheabilitytoinduceoxidativeburstinhumangranulocytesandtoactivatethehostcomplementsystem.