GenWay/Clostridium tetani toxin 5S IgG plus quantitative/GWB8A39E6/1x96 Assays

Description:

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ProductName:Clostridiumtetanitoxin5SIgGplus-ELISA

#ofSamples:1x96Assays

IntendedUse:TheClostridiumtetanitoxin5SIgGplus-ELISAisintendedforthequantitativedeterminationofIgGclassantibodiesagainstClostridiumtetanitoxininhumanserumorplasma(citrate).Thisallowsforthedeterminationoftheimmunestatusofthepatientsfacilitatingindividualrecommendationsaboutthenecessityofabasicimmunizationorboosterinjection.

Introduction:Clostridiaarespore-forminggram-positivebacteria.Theroundsporesarebuildattheterminalendwhichresultsinthemicroscopeina“tennisracket”likeshape.
TetanusdevelopsonlywhensporesofClostridiumtetanigerminateunderstrictanaerobicconditionsaftergainingaccesstowoundsandsmalllacerations.Theclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseisprimarynotcausedbytheinvasionoftheexciterbutbythesecretionofapowerfulneurotoxin(tetanospasmin).Thistoxinblockstheinhibitionofthesignaltransductionandhasahighaffinitytothecentralnervoussystem.Theconsequenceishyperexcitabilityofthemusclestoexternalstimuliincombinationwithaprincipalincreaseofthemuscletonuswithoutinfluenceofconsciousness.Itstartswithtonicspasmofmuscles(trimus),mimicmusclesandgalletmuscles.Neck,backandabdominalmusculaturefollow.Atthesametimetheappearanceofrefectoryspasmofwholemusclegroupscanhamperbreathing.Hypersalivationandswallowingproblemscauseaspirationandpneumoniawiththenextbreath.
Clostridiumtetaniisubiquitouspresentinsoilandintestineofhumansandanimals.Ingestionofbacteriaorgrowthintheintestineofmanoranimaliswithoutharm.Thesporesareextremelyresistanttowardsheatandcanstayinfectiousforalongperiod.Thebacteriacangetundertheskinbyevensmallestwounds.InEuropetetanusmainlyoccursafterinjuriesandsometimespostoperativewhereasindevelopingcountriesTetanusiswidelydisseminated.TheWHOassumesthatonemillionpeoplediebecauseoftetanusworldwideperyear.
Tetanustoxinisanexcellentimmunogeninman-onlyoneantigenictypeoftoxin.Theonlyeffectivewaytocontroltetanusisbyprophylacticactiveimmunization.
Infectionmaybeidentifiedby
Microscopy:Gramstain
Serology:DetectionoftoxinproductionbyELISA

Principlesoftheassay:ThequantitativeimmunoenzymaticdeterminationofIgG-classantibodiesagainstTetanustoxoidisbasedontheELISA(Enzyme-linkedImmunosorbentAssay)technique.
MicrotiterstripwellsareprecoatedwithinactivatedTetanustoxoidantigenstobindcorespondingantibodiesofthespecimen.Afterwashingthewellstoremoveallunboundsamplematerialhorseradishperoxidase(HRP)labelledanti-humanIgGconjugateisadded.ThisconjugatebindstothecapturedTetanustoxoidspecificantibodies.TheimmunecomplexformedbytheboundconjugateisvisualizedbyaddingTetramethylbenzidine(TMB)substratewhichgivesabluereactionproduct.
TheintensityofthisproductisproportionaltotheamountoftoxoidspecificIgGantibodiesinthespecimen.Sulphuricacidisaddedtostopthereaction.Thisproducesayellowendpointcolour.Absorbanceat450nmisreadusinganELISAmicrowellplatereader.

StorageandStability:Thereagentsarestableuptotheexpirydatestatedonthelabelwhenstoredat2...8°C.

LimitationsoftheTest:Bacterialcontaminationorrepeatedfreeze-thawcyclesofthespecimenmayaffecttheabsorbancevalues.Diagnosisofaninfectiousdiseaseshouldnotbeestablishedonthebasisofasingletestresult.Aprecisediagnosisshouldtakeintoconsiderationclinicalhistory,symptomatologyaswellasserologicaldata.
Inimmunocompromizedpatientsandnewbornsserologicaldataonlyhaverestrictedvalue.

ReferencesAmbrosch,F.,Wiedermann,G.,Müller,H.:EineneueMikro-ELISA-MethodezurBestimmungderTetanus-Antikörper.Zbl.Bakt.Hyg.A258,173-182(1984)Mai,K.,Bartelheimer,H.K.,Rosin,H.:ÜberdenStandunddieDauerdesImpfschutzesgegenTetanusbeiKindern.Dtsch.med.Wschr.95,1044(1970)Müller,H.E.,Müller,M.,Schiek,W.:Tetanus-Schutzimpfung-IndikationundKontraindikation.Dtsch.med.Wschr.113,1326(1988)Pietsch,M.:ImpfserologiezurErgänzungvonImpfungen.Allgemeinarzt15,1155-1156(1993)Schröder,J.P.,Kuhlmann,W.D.:TetanusimmunitätbeiMännernundFraueninderBRD.Immun.Infekt.19,14(1991)

AdditionalInformation:

Name	Clostridiumtetanitoxin5SIgGplusquantitative
RelatedProductNames	Clostridiumtetanitoxin5SIgGplus-ELISA
MolecularWeight	0.5
Storage	Thereagentsarestableuptotheexpirydatestatedonthelabelwhenstoredat2...8°C.
IntendedUse	ResearchUseOnly