Description
Verbascoside is a phenylpropanoid found in a variety of species of Castilleja, Verbena, and Verbascum. Verbascoside displays anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties in a variety of cellular and animal models. In vitro, verbascoside inhibits arachidonic acid- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation as well as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and prolyl oligopeptidase activity. In vivo, verbascoside decreases levels of Bax, Bcl-2, NF-κB, iNOS, and myeloperoxidase, showing anti-inflammatory benefit in a model of periodontitis. Additionally, this compound inhibits mechanical pain in two different animal models of hyperalgesia. Verbascoside may also be an inhibitor of PKC.